Development of an LC MS MS methodology for the determination of cocaine and metabolites, including AEME, in oral fluid, and application to drivers' samples.
Authorship
B.A.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
B.A.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Cocaine continues to be a major public health and social problem with significant implications for road safety. Although cocaine hydrochloride is the most prevalent form in Europe there is a growing trend in the consumption of its base form known as crack. This study aims to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to detect the specific marker of smoked consumption anhydroecgonine methyl ester AEME together with cocaine and its main metabolites benzoylecgonine ecgonine methyl ester norcocaine and cocaethylene in oral fluid. The methodology employed included Solid Phase Extraction SPE using Oasis MCX cartridges and analysis by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry LC MS MS with a HILIC column. The method was validated according to ANSI ASB guidelines demonstrating excellent linearity 1 500 ng mL precision CV 12.8 and accuracy 99.7 111.6. The validated method was applied to 115 real oral fluid samples collected from drivers during roadside checks between 2023 and 2025. This research presents the first analytical method for the simultaneous determination of these six analytes in oral fluid. The results indicate that the inclusion of AEME is key for discriminating the route of administration and identifying real consumption patterns. This methodology constitutes a useful tool for forensic toxicology and for strengthening public health and road safety.
Cocaine continues to be a major public health and social problem with significant implications for road safety. Although cocaine hydrochloride is the most prevalent form in Europe there is a growing trend in the consumption of its base form known as crack. This study aims to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to detect the specific marker of smoked consumption anhydroecgonine methyl ester AEME together with cocaine and its main metabolites benzoylecgonine ecgonine methyl ester norcocaine and cocaethylene in oral fluid. The methodology employed included Solid Phase Extraction SPE using Oasis MCX cartridges and analysis by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry LC MS MS with a HILIC column. The method was validated according to ANSI ASB guidelines demonstrating excellent linearity 1 500 ng mL precision CV 12.8 and accuracy 99.7 111.6. The validated method was applied to 115 real oral fluid samples collected from drivers during roadside checks between 2023 and 2025. This research presents the first analytical method for the simultaneous determination of these six analytes in oral fluid. The results indicate that the inclusion of AEME is key for discriminating the route of administration and identifying real consumption patterns. This methodology constitutes a useful tool for forensic toxicology and for strengthening public health and road safety.
Direction
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Understanding and managing of rare diseases: The Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Study
Authorship
S.Á.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.Á.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is defined as a rare congenital anomaly that leads to a characteristic craniofacial appearance, intellectual impairment, and systemic dysmorphogenesis, with each affected patient presenting uniquely. Due to its low prevalence, it is complex to diagnose and manage given its phenotypic variability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The objective of this study is to search for and analyze the existing scientific evidence on RTS, describe potential obstacles to diagnosis and treatment in healthcare, and identify possible pathways that could facilitate the provision of care with the aim of improving the quality of life of affected individuals and their families. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for clinical studies, reviews, case reports, and scientific consensus statements. Thirty articles were included for analysis according to the inclusion criteria (diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment, or genetics of RTS). The studies included in this review validate a genetic predisposition to mutations in the CREBBP and EP300 genes. Common clinical features include growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, cardiac malformations, and language and behavioral developmental disorders. The main barriers to addressing this syndrome have been delayed diagnosis, untrained healthcare professionals, and inadequate clinical guidelines. A multidisciplinary and personalized approach is emphasized. A holistic genetic, medical, and psychosocial approach to RTS is required. Priority actions for managing RTS include improving the training of physicians and other healthcare professionals, genetic screening for early diagnosis, and basic medical research.
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is defined as a rare congenital anomaly that leads to a characteristic craniofacial appearance, intellectual impairment, and systemic dysmorphogenesis, with each affected patient presenting uniquely. Due to its low prevalence, it is complex to diagnose and manage given its phenotypic variability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The objective of this study is to search for and analyze the existing scientific evidence on RTS, describe potential obstacles to diagnosis and treatment in healthcare, and identify possible pathways that could facilitate the provision of care with the aim of improving the quality of life of affected individuals and their families. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for clinical studies, reviews, case reports, and scientific consensus statements. Thirty articles were included for analysis according to the inclusion criteria (diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment, or genetics of RTS). The studies included in this review validate a genetic predisposition to mutations in the CREBBP and EP300 genes. Common clinical features include growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, cardiac malformations, and language and behavioral developmental disorders. The main barriers to addressing this syndrome have been delayed diagnosis, untrained healthcare professionals, and inadequate clinical guidelines. A multidisciplinary and personalized approach is emphasized. A holistic genetic, medical, and psychosocial approach to RTS is required. Priority actions for managing RTS include improving the training of physicians and other healthcare professionals, genetic screening for early diagnosis, and basic medical research.
Direction
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Evaluation of the use of nanoparticles in inhaled chemotherapy as a treatment for lung cancer
Authorship
C.A.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.A.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and although systemic chemotherapy remains a fundamental treatment, its efficacy is limited by widespread toxicity and low tumor specificity. This project reviews the potential of inhaled nanoparticle-based chemotherapy as an innovative strategy specifically targeted at the treatment of lung cancer. Nanoparticle systems allow the drug to be delivered directly to lung tissue, achieving high local concentrations and a significant reduction in systemic exposure. Furthermore, they offer advantages such as controlled release, greater retention in the lungs, and the possibility of tumor targeting to increase drug accumulation in cancer cells. The project also analyzes inhalation delivery devices applicable to this cancer. Nebulizers, although widely used in clinical trials, have shown limitations such as drug loss and low efficiency. Therefore, the use of dry powder inhalers is being investigated, as they could offer greater safety, stability, and speed in achieving therapeutic doses. Despite its potential, inhaled chemotherapy for lung cancer faces significant challenges: the physiological limitations of the lungs, device optimization, and the emergence of adverse effects that have limited dosage in some studies. Therefore, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy. Although not yet part of standard clinical practice, this strategy could represent a significant advance in lung cancer treatment.
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and although systemic chemotherapy remains a fundamental treatment, its efficacy is limited by widespread toxicity and low tumor specificity. This project reviews the potential of inhaled nanoparticle-based chemotherapy as an innovative strategy specifically targeted at the treatment of lung cancer. Nanoparticle systems allow the drug to be delivered directly to lung tissue, achieving high local concentrations and a significant reduction in systemic exposure. Furthermore, they offer advantages such as controlled release, greater retention in the lungs, and the possibility of tumor targeting to increase drug accumulation in cancer cells. The project also analyzes inhalation delivery devices applicable to this cancer. Nebulizers, although widely used in clinical trials, have shown limitations such as drug loss and low efficiency. Therefore, the use of dry powder inhalers is being investigated, as they could offer greater safety, stability, and speed in achieving therapeutic doses. Despite its potential, inhaled chemotherapy for lung cancer faces significant challenges: the physiological limitations of the lungs, device optimization, and the emergence of adverse effects that have limited dosage in some studies. Therefore, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy. Although not yet part of standard clinical practice, this strategy could represent a significant advance in lung cancer treatment.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Multifunctional superparamagnetic nanoparticles in cancer theranostics
Authorship
C.A.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.A.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Cancer remains one of the most complex challenges in contemporary medicine, limited by the inaccessibility of tumor niches and the ineffectiveness of conventional protocols. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as a versatile platform capable of unifying high- precision diagnosis and targeted therapeutic intervention in a single system, known as theranostics. This work reviews the physicochemical principles governing the behavior of SPIONs, examining how surface interface engineering through organic and inorganic coatings and biomimetic strategies circumvents systemic clearance and optimizes biocompatibility. In the diagnostic field, their role as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their transformative potential in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) a linearly quantitative modality free of tissue background noise are explored. From a therapeutic perspective, the synergy between magnetic hyperthermia andstimuli responsive drug release is evaluated, highlighting the capacity of these platforms to act as modulators of the immunosuppressive niche. Finally, the application of these nanostructures in highly complex pathologies such as glioblastoma multiforme, breast cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma is examined, where overcoming biological barriers and the phenotypic reprogramming of macrophages position SPIONs as an indispensable tool in the transition toward a more personalized and effective precision oncology.
Cancer remains one of the most complex challenges in contemporary medicine, limited by the inaccessibility of tumor niches and the ineffectiveness of conventional protocols. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as a versatile platform capable of unifying high- precision diagnosis and targeted therapeutic intervention in a single system, known as theranostics. This work reviews the physicochemical principles governing the behavior of SPIONs, examining how surface interface engineering through organic and inorganic coatings and biomimetic strategies circumvents systemic clearance and optimizes biocompatibility. In the diagnostic field, their role as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their transformative potential in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) a linearly quantitative modality free of tissue background noise are explored. From a therapeutic perspective, the synergy between magnetic hyperthermia andstimuli responsive drug release is evaluated, highlighting the capacity of these platforms to act as modulators of the immunosuppressive niche. Finally, the application of these nanostructures in highly complex pathologies such as glioblastoma multiforme, breast cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma is examined, where overcoming biological barriers and the phenotypic reprogramming of macrophages position SPIONs as an indispensable tool in the transition toward a more personalized and effective precision oncology.
Direction
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Ion exchange resins: from physicochemical properties to the treatment of dyslipedemias
Authorship
M.A.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.A.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Ion exchange resins are polymeric materials capable of exchanging ions with their surroundings, which gives them great versatility in industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. This work provides a comprehensive review of their historical development, chemical principles, structure, physicochemical properties, and classification, with a particular focus on their therapeutic application in the treatment of dyslipidemias. It analyzes the structural, functional, and crosslinking characteristics that determine their exchange capacity and effectiveness in various usage contexts. In the biomedical field, their role as bile acid sequestrants is examined, compounds with which they form insoluble complexes that are eliminated via the fecal route, thereby reducing intestinal reabsorption of cholesterol and stimulating its hepatic uptake. This therapeutic action is compared with other lipid-lowering treatments such as statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors, evaluating their advantages, limitations, and potential side effects. Through a bibliographic review of scientific literature, clinical guidelines, and specialized articles, other relevant clinical applications are also explored, such as their use in hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and heavy metal poisoning. In addition, emerging research lines focused on the development of intelligent, more selective, and biocompatible resins are reviewed. The study concludes that these resins represent effective, safe, and non-invasive therapeutic tools with great potential in patients with complex dyslipidemias, including in contexts such as pregnancy or diabetes.
Ion exchange resins are polymeric materials capable of exchanging ions with their surroundings, which gives them great versatility in industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. This work provides a comprehensive review of their historical development, chemical principles, structure, physicochemical properties, and classification, with a particular focus on their therapeutic application in the treatment of dyslipidemias. It analyzes the structural, functional, and crosslinking characteristics that determine their exchange capacity and effectiveness in various usage contexts. In the biomedical field, their role as bile acid sequestrants is examined, compounds with which they form insoluble complexes that are eliminated via the fecal route, thereby reducing intestinal reabsorption of cholesterol and stimulating its hepatic uptake. This therapeutic action is compared with other lipid-lowering treatments such as statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors, evaluating their advantages, limitations, and potential side effects. Through a bibliographic review of scientific literature, clinical guidelines, and specialized articles, other relevant clinical applications are also explored, such as their use in hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and heavy metal poisoning. In addition, emerging research lines focused on the development of intelligent, more selective, and biocompatible resins are reviewed. The study concludes that these resins represent effective, safe, and non-invasive therapeutic tools with great potential in patients with complex dyslipidemias, including in contexts such as pregnancy or diabetes.
Direction
CASAS PARADA, MATILDE (Tutorships)
CASAS PARADA, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Egg allergy: immunological mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment through the study of a real case with oral immunotherapy.
Authorship
C.B.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.B.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Food allergy is an adverse immunological reaction following ingestion, inhalation or contact with certain foods, among which egg is one of the most common allergens, especially in childhood. This work is based on egg allergy, characterized by IgE-mediated immune responses, although there are also non-mediated forms. Proteins present in the egg white, such as ovalbumin and ovomucoid, are mainly responsible for sensitization, and their resistance to heat explains the persistence of symptoms in some patients. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, skin tests, specific IgE analysis and, in some cases, controlled oral provocation tests. Prevalence is especially high in children under five, with a tendency to develop tolerance before the age of six. However, in some cases, the allergy persists and may affect the patient’s quality of life, opting for strict avoidance of the allergen. The role of the pharmacist is key in both detection and health education of the allergic patient, including correct label reading, prevention of cross-reactions and pharmaceutical care on symptomatic and preventive treatment. This work addresses the main clinical, immunological and therapeutic aspects of egg allergy. For the study, a case study of a real person treated with oral immunotherapy for egg desensitization as far as possible will be presented.
Food allergy is an adverse immunological reaction following ingestion, inhalation or contact with certain foods, among which egg is one of the most common allergens, especially in childhood. This work is based on egg allergy, characterized by IgE-mediated immune responses, although there are also non-mediated forms. Proteins present in the egg white, such as ovalbumin and ovomucoid, are mainly responsible for sensitization, and their resistance to heat explains the persistence of symptoms in some patients. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, skin tests, specific IgE analysis and, in some cases, controlled oral provocation tests. Prevalence is especially high in children under five, with a tendency to develop tolerance before the age of six. However, in some cases, the allergy persists and may affect the patient’s quality of life, opting for strict avoidance of the allergen. The role of the pharmacist is key in both detection and health education of the allergic patient, including correct label reading, prevention of cross-reactions and pharmaceutical care on symptomatic and preventive treatment. This work addresses the main clinical, immunological and therapeutic aspects of egg allergy. For the study, a case study of a real person treated with oral immunotherapy for egg desensitization as far as possible will be presented.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Ketamine for the treatment of bipolar depression: a review of the clinical evidence.
Authorship
M.B.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.B.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
In the development of the work, an analysis is carried out of the clinical evidence regarding the study of ketamine in its racemic form or as its stereoisomers S (esketamine) and R (arketamine), as therapy for depressive episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) that are resistant to conventional pharmacological treatment. The reviewed articles indicate a positive therapeutic effect of the drug, with a rapid improvement in depressive symptoms and a reduction in disorder-associated biomarkers, which, despite some adverse effects, presents a favorable safety profile. Nevertheless, there are numerous limitations in the analyzed studies that encourage caution regarding the obtained results, pending further research in these areas.
In the development of the work, an analysis is carried out of the clinical evidence regarding the study of ketamine in its racemic form or as its stereoisomers S (esketamine) and R (arketamine), as therapy for depressive episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) that are resistant to conventional pharmacological treatment. The reviewed articles indicate a positive therapeutic effect of the drug, with a rapid improvement in depressive symptoms and a reduction in disorder-associated biomarkers, which, despite some adverse effects, presents a favorable safety profile. Nevertheless, there are numerous limitations in the analyzed studies that encourage caution regarding the obtained results, pending further research in these areas.
Direction
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
MARTIN CORA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
“Neuroactive metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiome: therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases”
Authorship
P.B.J.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.B.J.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
One of the most relevant mechanisms through which the intestinal microbiome influences the central nervous system is the production of neuroactive metabolites. These compounds, generated by the metabolic activity of gut bacteria, can cross biological barriers, interact with neuronal receptors, modulate neurotransmitter synthesis, and regulate both systemic and cerebral inflammation. Owing to these properties, it has been proposed that such metabolites contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, both characterized by progressive neuronal loss with substantial functional and social impact. In recent years, advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have made it possible to link specific dysbiosis profiles and alterations in microbial metabolites with pathological biomarkers and cognitive decline, opening the door to therapeutic strategies based on targeted modulation of the microbiome. Although these findings may be applicable to other neurological diseases, the present work focuses specifically on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
One of the most relevant mechanisms through which the intestinal microbiome influences the central nervous system is the production of neuroactive metabolites. These compounds, generated by the metabolic activity of gut bacteria, can cross biological barriers, interact with neuronal receptors, modulate neurotransmitter synthesis, and regulate both systemic and cerebral inflammation. Owing to these properties, it has been proposed that such metabolites contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, both characterized by progressive neuronal loss with substantial functional and social impact. In recent years, advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have made it possible to link specific dysbiosis profiles and alterations in microbial metabolites with pathological biomarkers and cognitive decline, opening the door to therapeutic strategies based on targeted modulation of the microbiome. Although these findings may be applicable to other neurological diseases, the present work focuses specifically on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Antibiotic resistance and emerging therapeutic strategies: immunomodulation and other antimicrobial alternatives
Authorship
L.B.E.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.B.E.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that limits the effectiveness of antibiotics and complicates the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in hospital settings. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is associated both with increasingly complex resistance mechanisms and with deficiencies in the implementation of infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs. This bibliographic review analyzes the current situation of antimicrobial resistance, addressing its main mechanisms, clinical impact, and the limitations of conventional therapeutic strategies. In addition, emerging therapeutic alternatives are discussed, including bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and natural compounds with immunomodulatory effects. The reviewed studies indicate that these non-conventional strategies show activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly biofilms, and may reduce the selective pressure associated with the use of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, some of these approaches have demonstrated potential to enhance the host immune response and limit tissue damage during infection. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating alternative therapies with rational antibiotic use programs could improve the management of resistant infections and help slow the progression of antimicrobial resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that limits the effectiveness of antibiotics and complicates the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in hospital settings. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is associated both with increasingly complex resistance mechanisms and with deficiencies in the implementation of infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs. This bibliographic review analyzes the current situation of antimicrobial resistance, addressing its main mechanisms, clinical impact, and the limitations of conventional therapeutic strategies. In addition, emerging therapeutic alternatives are discussed, including bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and natural compounds with immunomodulatory effects. The reviewed studies indicate that these non-conventional strategies show activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly biofilms, and may reduce the selective pressure associated with the use of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, some of these approaches have demonstrated potential to enhance the host immune response and limit tissue damage during infection. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating alternative therapies with rational antibiotic use programs could improve the management of resistant infections and help slow the progression of antimicrobial resistance.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Comparing the efficacy and safety of symptomatic and disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.
Authorship
C.B.Á.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.B.Á.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Worldwide dementia has a significant impact on patients and their surroundings. It is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive, executive, linguistic, behavioral and social functions, generating social, economic and healthcare consequences. This work presents a review of Alzheimer’s disease, initially addressing its general aspects, including prevalence, symptomatology and etiopathogenic mechanisms. Subsequently, the currently available therapies are analyzed, distinguishing between symptomatic treatments and disease-modifying strategies. The conducted literature review evaluates the efficacy and safety of both therapeutic approaches, highlighting the limitations arising from the lack of knowledge about its etiology and the scarcity of fully effective and safe treatments. The results obtained allow for an understanding of the different mechanisms of action of these drugs, as well as their benefits and limitations. Adverse effects are heterogeneous, varying in frequency and severity, and can significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Nevertheless, efficacy profiles, despite their variability, contribute to improving clinical management and have driven the development of new lines of research. These findings emphasize the importance of continuing studies on the efficacy and safety profiles of treatments, as well as the pursuit of innovative therapeutic strategies that are more effective and safe, addressing the etiology from alternative approaches.
Worldwide dementia has a significant impact on patients and their surroundings. It is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive, executive, linguistic, behavioral and social functions, generating social, economic and healthcare consequences. This work presents a review of Alzheimer’s disease, initially addressing its general aspects, including prevalence, symptomatology and etiopathogenic mechanisms. Subsequently, the currently available therapies are analyzed, distinguishing between symptomatic treatments and disease-modifying strategies. The conducted literature review evaluates the efficacy and safety of both therapeutic approaches, highlighting the limitations arising from the lack of knowledge about its etiology and the scarcity of fully effective and safe treatments. The results obtained allow for an understanding of the different mechanisms of action of these drugs, as well as their benefits and limitations. Adverse effects are heterogeneous, varying in frequency and severity, and can significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Nevertheless, efficacy profiles, despite their variability, contribute to improving clinical management and have driven the development of new lines of research. These findings emphasize the importance of continuing studies on the efficacy and safety profiles of treatments, as well as the pursuit of innovative therapeutic strategies that are more effective and safe, addressing the etiology from alternative approaches.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Safety profile of topical glucocorticoids in patients with psoriasis.
Authorship
F.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
F.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with substantial clinical burden and impaired quality of life. Topical corticosteroids remain a cornerstone therapy due to their rapid anti-inflammatory effect; however, safety is strongly influenced by real-world use patterns (potency, duration, anatomical site, treated body surface area, and occlusion). This work aimed to synthesize recent evidence on the safety profile of topical corticosteroids in patients with psoriasis, focusing on local and systemic adverse effects, risk factors, and strategies to optimize safe use. A literature review was conducted in PubMed covering 2019 to 2025, applying selection criteria targeting psoriasis populations treated with topical corticosteroids (as monotherapy or in fixed topical combinations). The reviewed evidence indicates that the most common adverse events are local and related to cutaneous tolerability (irritation, burning/stinging, pruritus, erythema, and contact dermatitis). Classical adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure (skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and striae) are mainly linked to high-exposure scenarios, particularly high-potency agents, thin skin areas, large treated surface areas, and/or occlusion. Systemic effects due to percutaneous absorption are uncommon under typical use conditions, but risk increases when high-exposure factors accumulate. Overall, recent literature supports that topical corticosteroids are effective and generally safe in psoriasis when used with individualized prescribing, clear limits on continuous use, practical patient education (dose and application technique), and appropriate follow-up, preferably within structured regimens transitioning from flare control to intermittent or maintenance strategies when indicated.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with substantial clinical burden and impaired quality of life. Topical corticosteroids remain a cornerstone therapy due to their rapid anti-inflammatory effect; however, safety is strongly influenced by real-world use patterns (potency, duration, anatomical site, treated body surface area, and occlusion). This work aimed to synthesize recent evidence on the safety profile of topical corticosteroids in patients with psoriasis, focusing on local and systemic adverse effects, risk factors, and strategies to optimize safe use. A literature review was conducted in PubMed covering 2019 to 2025, applying selection criteria targeting psoriasis populations treated with topical corticosteroids (as monotherapy or in fixed topical combinations). The reviewed evidence indicates that the most common adverse events are local and related to cutaneous tolerability (irritation, burning/stinging, pruritus, erythema, and contact dermatitis). Classical adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure (skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and striae) are mainly linked to high-exposure scenarios, particularly high-potency agents, thin skin areas, large treated surface areas, and/or occlusion. Systemic effects due to percutaneous absorption are uncommon under typical use conditions, but risk increases when high-exposure factors accumulate. Overall, recent literature supports that topical corticosteroids are effective and generally safe in psoriasis when used with individualized prescribing, clear limits on continuous use, practical patient education (dose and application technique), and appropriate follow-up, preferably within structured regimens transitioning from flare control to intermittent or maintenance strategies when indicated.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Mitochondrial genetic variation and oxidative damage
Authorship
M.C.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.C.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Mitochondria serve as central regulators of metastasis, integrating energy production with the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). This analysis demonstrates that moderate levels os mitochondrial ROS act as messengers that activate transcription factors promoting cellular invasiveness. Furthermore, mitochondrial trafficking toward the invasive edges ensures the localized ATP supply essential for migration. Alterations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), including heteroplasmy and variations in copy number (mtDNACN), are established as critical biomarkers of aggressiveness and therapeutic response. Finally, metabolic plasticity allows cancer stem cells to adapt to the tumor microenviroment and resist conventional treatments. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism represent strategic therapeutic targets to halt tumor progression and overcome chemoresistance.
Mitochondria serve as central regulators of metastasis, integrating energy production with the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). This analysis demonstrates that moderate levels os mitochondrial ROS act as messengers that activate transcription factors promoting cellular invasiveness. Furthermore, mitochondrial trafficking toward the invasive edges ensures the localized ATP supply essential for migration. Alterations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), including heteroplasmy and variations in copy number (mtDNACN), are established as critical biomarkers of aggressiveness and therapeutic response. Finally, metabolic plasticity allows cancer stem cells to adapt to the tumor microenviroment and resist conventional treatments. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism represent strategic therapeutic targets to halt tumor progression and overcome chemoresistance.
Direction
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Tutorships)
GOMEZ DURAN, AURORA (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Use of antibiotics for the treatment of pharyngotonsillitis in pediatrics: a systematic review of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authorship
V.C.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
V.C.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Objetive: To analyze and compare the antibiotic treatment recommended by different clinical practice guidelines for pediatric pharyngotonsillitis and compare with the scientific evidence. Methods: searches were carried out in databases (PubMed, NICE, GIN, SIGN), as well as on the websites of scientific societies and official organizations. The Clinical Practice Guidelines had to be published from 2014 onwards, written in English, Spanish or French, include information on antibiotic treatment, and address pharyngotonsillitis in pediatric patients. All collected information was organized into two tables: the first one summarizes the general characteristics of each guideline, and the second one contains the information on antibiotic treatment and its dosage. Results: Fifteen clinical practice guideline from nine different countries were included. First-line treatment in non-allergic patients were based son Penicillin V, Benzathine Penicillin and Amoxicillin, both as first-line options and alternatives. In patients with immediate hypersensitivity, macrolides, mainly Azithromycin, were recommended, while in those with delayed hipersensitivity, cephalosporins were suggested, particularly fist-generation agents. Differences among the various guidelines were observed mainly in the therapeutic proposals for patients allergic to penicillin. Conclusions: there is a high degree of agreement in antibiotic recommendations for treatment in non-allergic patients, in contrast with penicillin-allergic patients, for whom greater variability in therapeutic proposals was observed, highlighting the need to harmonize these recommendations.
Objetive: To analyze and compare the antibiotic treatment recommended by different clinical practice guidelines for pediatric pharyngotonsillitis and compare with the scientific evidence. Methods: searches were carried out in databases (PubMed, NICE, GIN, SIGN), as well as on the websites of scientific societies and official organizations. The Clinical Practice Guidelines had to be published from 2014 onwards, written in English, Spanish or French, include information on antibiotic treatment, and address pharyngotonsillitis in pediatric patients. All collected information was organized into two tables: the first one summarizes the general characteristics of each guideline, and the second one contains the information on antibiotic treatment and its dosage. Results: Fifteen clinical practice guideline from nine different countries were included. First-line treatment in non-allergic patients were based son Penicillin V, Benzathine Penicillin and Amoxicillin, both as first-line options and alternatives. In patients with immediate hypersensitivity, macrolides, mainly Azithromycin, were recommended, while in those with delayed hipersensitivity, cephalosporins were suggested, particularly fist-generation agents. Differences among the various guidelines were observed mainly in the therapeutic proposals for patients allergic to penicillin. Conclusions: there is a high degree of agreement in antibiotic recommendations for treatment in non-allergic patients, in contrast with penicillin-allergic patients, for whom greater variability in therapeutic proposals was observed, highlighting the need to harmonize these recommendations.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Polymeric microneedles for psoriasis treatment
Authorship
M.C.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.C.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by the immune system, characterized by the appearance of erythematous and scaly plaques. Current treatments include topical therapies, phototherapy, and systemic drug administration, which may have limitations such as low local efficacy, systemic adverse effects, or poor long-term adherence. Therefore, polymeric microneedles have emerged as an innovative therapeutic alternative for the transdermal and painless delivery of drugs. This degree dissertation presents a literature review aimed at gaining knowledge and evaluating the therapeutic potential of polymeric microneedles for the treatment of psoriasis, focusing on studies related to the pathophysiology of psoriasis, existing conventional treatments, and specifically on the design, materials, fabrication methods, and application of polymeric microneedles as transdermal drug delivery systems in experimental models of psoriasis. The results show that polymeric microneedles, particularly those based on hyaluronic acid and other biocompatible polymers, enable controlled and localized drug release of agents such as methotrexate, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologic drugs, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic adverse effects. In conclusion, polymeric microneedles represent a promising and minimally invasive alternative for the local treatment of psoriasis, with a high potential for future clinical application. Nevertheless, the conduction of clinical trials in humans remains necessary.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by the immune system, characterized by the appearance of erythematous and scaly plaques. Current treatments include topical therapies, phototherapy, and systemic drug administration, which may have limitations such as low local efficacy, systemic adverse effects, or poor long-term adherence. Therefore, polymeric microneedles have emerged as an innovative therapeutic alternative for the transdermal and painless delivery of drugs. This degree dissertation presents a literature review aimed at gaining knowledge and evaluating the therapeutic potential of polymeric microneedles for the treatment of psoriasis, focusing on studies related to the pathophysiology of psoriasis, existing conventional treatments, and specifically on the design, materials, fabrication methods, and application of polymeric microneedles as transdermal drug delivery systems in experimental models of psoriasis. The results show that polymeric microneedles, particularly those based on hyaluronic acid and other biocompatible polymers, enable controlled and localized drug release of agents such as methotrexate, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologic drugs, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic adverse effects. In conclusion, polymeric microneedles represent a promising and minimally invasive alternative for the local treatment of psoriasis, with a high potential for future clinical application. Nevertheless, the conduction of clinical trials in humans remains necessary.
Direction
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Sustainability assessment of methods for analyzing contaminants in infant foods
Authorship
R.C.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
R.C.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Quality control and food safety require sensitive, selective, and robust analytical methodologies to detect contaminants in infant foods. This study evaluates the sustainability of analytical methods published in the last five years, which provide sufficient information to apply the AGREEprep metric. The discussion is based on an analysis of the individual criteria obtained by the sample preparation methods for each contaminant group, allowing for a homogeneous comparison of the main sustainability factors among methodologies.
Quality control and food safety require sensitive, selective, and robust analytical methodologies to detect contaminants in infant foods. This study evaluates the sustainability of analytical methods published in the last five years, which provide sufficient information to apply the AGREEprep metric. The discussion is based on an analysis of the individual criteria obtained by the sample preparation methods for each contaminant group, allowing for a homogeneous comparison of the main sustainability factors among methodologies.
Direction
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Tutorships)
Carro Díaz, Antonia María (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Smoking cessation treatments, new lines of research, and the potential implementation of an awareness campaign in community pharmacies
Authorship
J.D.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.D.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Despite being the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality today, smoking remains one of the most pressing public health issues worldwide. Its high health burden and strong addictive potential, combined with the opportunity to implement a health campaign from the community pharmacy, have driven the development of this literature review, focused on smoking cessation. We began by compiling the currently available anti-smoking medications marketed in Spain, followed by an overview of the main lines of research in this field. Finally, based on the results of previous campaigns and their outcomes, we propose a combined approach: using current pharmacotherapy together with a health promotion campaign delivered through community pharmacies, specifically targeting adolescents.
Despite being the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality today, smoking remains one of the most pressing public health issues worldwide. Its high health burden and strong addictive potential, combined with the opportunity to implement a health campaign from the community pharmacy, have driven the development of this literature review, focused on smoking cessation. We began by compiling the currently available anti-smoking medications marketed in Spain, followed by an overview of the main lines of research in this field. Finally, based on the results of previous campaigns and their outcomes, we propose a combined approach: using current pharmacotherapy together with a health promotion campaign delivered through community pharmacies, specifically targeting adolescents.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Assessment of adherence and knowledge of oral semaglutide in community pharmacy.
Authorship
M.F.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.F.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Obesity and diabetes are chronic conditions that are currently highly prevalent in society and represent a public health problem. Both share pathophysiological factors and often occur simultaneously in patients, making them an important therapeutic target for the development of therapies capable of addressing both problems. Oral semaglutide is an innovative drug and the first GLP-1 receptor agonist marketed for oral administration. It has low/limited bioavailability, which means that it must be administered under special conditions in order to achieve the drug levels necessary to fulfil its therapeutic objective. These conditions include administration on an empty stomach after fasting for more than 8 hours, with a sip of water, and waiting at least 30 minutes before taking another drug or food. This study will assess adherence to oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity, as well as patient knowledge of the main factors associated with drug administration and therapeutic compliance. The results show that the main pathology for which it is prescribed is diabetes, presenting a low adherence to treatment, directly related to the lack of knowledge of the correct way of administration.
Obesity and diabetes are chronic conditions that are currently highly prevalent in society and represent a public health problem. Both share pathophysiological factors and often occur simultaneously in patients, making them an important therapeutic target for the development of therapies capable of addressing both problems. Oral semaglutide is an innovative drug and the first GLP-1 receptor agonist marketed for oral administration. It has low/limited bioavailability, which means that it must be administered under special conditions in order to achieve the drug levels necessary to fulfil its therapeutic objective. These conditions include administration on an empty stomach after fasting for more than 8 hours, with a sip of water, and waiting at least 30 minutes before taking another drug or food. This study will assess adherence to oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity, as well as patient knowledge of the main factors associated with drug administration and therapeutic compliance. The results show that the main pathology for which it is prescribed is diabetes, presenting a low adherence to treatment, directly related to the lack of knowledge of the correct way of administration.
Direction
LEON RODRIGUEZ, LAURA (Tutorships)
LEON RODRIGUEZ, LAURA (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Development of a method for the extraction, purification and analysis of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances present in food contact materials
Authorship
M.F.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.F.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have historically been used in food contact materials for their non-stick and grease-repellent properties. Among them, fluorotelomers such as 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH) are of concern due to their potential release from oil- proof coatings and their role as precursors to highly persistent compounds. This Final Degree Project develops a methodology for the preparation, extraction and purification of samples of air fryer baking paper for subsequent chromatographic analysis. The experimental strategy included a preliminary test of the material's permeability, development of a workflow for sample preparation, extraction and purification. Due to the exploratory nature of the study and time constraints, a literature review of the GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS analytical methodology for the identification and quantification of fluorotelomers was conducted for the stage following sample preparation. Overall, this work establishes amethodological basis for the analysis of PFAS in food contact materials and highlights the need for future controlled migration tests to assess their potential relevance to food safety.
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have historically been used in food contact materials for their non-stick and grease-repellent properties. Among them, fluorotelomers such as 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH) are of concern due to their potential release from oil- proof coatings and their role as precursors to highly persistent compounds. This Final Degree Project develops a methodology for the preparation, extraction and purification of samples of air fryer baking paper for subsequent chromatographic analysis. The experimental strategy included a preliminary test of the material's permeability, development of a workflow for sample preparation, extraction and purification. Due to the exploratory nature of the study and time constraints, a literature review of the GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS analytical methodology for the identification and quantification of fluorotelomers was conducted for the stage following sample preparation. Overall, this work establishes amethodological basis for the analysis of PFAS in food contact materials and highlights the need for future controlled migration tests to assess their potential relevance to food safety.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Microorganisms with bioterrorist potential
Authorship
A.F.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.F.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Bioterrorism represents one of the greatest contemporary threats to public health and global security. It involves the deliberate use of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins to cause disease, death, or panic among the population. Biological agents with bioterrorist potential include bacteria, viruses, and toxins that possess high virulence, ease of dissemination, and the ability to trigger outbreaks that are difficult to control. The classification established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) divides these agents into categories A, B, and C, based on their risk level and potential impact on health and society. The development and storage of such agents are regulated by international treaties such as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). However, technological advancements, globalization, and accessibility to synthetic biology techniques increase the risk of misuse. The most relevant microorganisms include Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Yersinia pestis (plague), Clostridium botulinum (botulinum toxin), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and the viruses causing smallpox and hemorrhagic fevers. Preparedness for bioterrorism incidents requires collaboration among the healthcare, military, and scientific sectors, as well as effective epidemiological surveillance systems and rapid response plans. Education and training of healthcare professionals are essential for early detection and appropriate management of potential biological threats, contributing to the protection of the population and maintaining social stability.
Bioterrorism represents one of the greatest contemporary threats to public health and global security. It involves the deliberate use of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins to cause disease, death, or panic among the population. Biological agents with bioterrorist potential include bacteria, viruses, and toxins that possess high virulence, ease of dissemination, and the ability to trigger outbreaks that are difficult to control. The classification established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) divides these agents into categories A, B, and C, based on their risk level and potential impact on health and society. The development and storage of such agents are regulated by international treaties such as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). However, technological advancements, globalization, and accessibility to synthetic biology techniques increase the risk of misuse. The most relevant microorganisms include Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Yersinia pestis (plague), Clostridium botulinum (botulinum toxin), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and the viruses causing smallpox and hemorrhagic fevers. Preparedness for bioterrorism incidents requires collaboration among the healthcare, military, and scientific sectors, as well as effective epidemiological surveillance systems and rapid response plans. Education and training of healthcare professionals are essential for early detection and appropriate management of potential biological threats, contributing to the protection of the population and maintaining social stability.
Direction
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Pharmaceutical care during the climacteric and menopause
Authorship
B.F.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
B.F.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
The climacteric is a complex physiological stage in a woman’s life, characterised by progressive endocrine changes that may affect quality of life and contribute to the development of risk factors. A literature review was conducted with the aim of analysing climacteric syndrome, its main clinical manifestations, and the available therapeutic options, including pharmacological treatments, phytotherapy, and dietary and lifestyle recommendations. The results indicate that climacteric syndrome has a heterogeneous and multifactorial clinical presentation, with variable manifestation of vasomotor, genitourinary, psychological, and metabolic symptoms. This variability highlights the need for an individualised approach that considers symptom severity, comorbidities, and women’s preferences. The available evidence supports the use of hormone therapy in selected patient profiles, while nonhormonal alternatives, including phytotherapy, are particularly relevant for women with mild to moderate symptoms and during the early stages of the climacteric. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach in which health education and professional support promote the rational and safe use of the different therapeutic alternatives. Community pharmacy represents an accessible healthcare setting for supporting women during this stage, contributing to improvements in quality of life and laying the foundations for healthy ageing
The climacteric is a complex physiological stage in a woman’s life, characterised by progressive endocrine changes that may affect quality of life and contribute to the development of risk factors. A literature review was conducted with the aim of analysing climacteric syndrome, its main clinical manifestations, and the available therapeutic options, including pharmacological treatments, phytotherapy, and dietary and lifestyle recommendations. The results indicate that climacteric syndrome has a heterogeneous and multifactorial clinical presentation, with variable manifestation of vasomotor, genitourinary, psychological, and metabolic symptoms. This variability highlights the need for an individualised approach that considers symptom severity, comorbidities, and women’s preferences. The available evidence supports the use of hormone therapy in selected patient profiles, while nonhormonal alternatives, including phytotherapy, are particularly relevant for women with mild to moderate symptoms and during the early stages of the climacteric. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach in which health education and professional support promote the rational and safe use of the different therapeutic alternatives. Community pharmacy represents an accessible healthcare setting for supporting women during this stage, contributing to improvements in quality of life and laying the foundations for healthy ageing
Direction
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Listeriosis in Spain
Authorship
P.F.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.F.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Listeriosis is an infrequent but severe foodborne disease associated with a high case-fatality rate, which makes it a major global public health concern. Its impact is not limited to public health, due to the severe clinical manifestations observed in specific vulnerable populations, but also extends to the economic sphere, owing to the substantial costs related to hospitalization, long-term antimicrobial therapy, and the implementation of control measures within the food industry. Transmission occurs primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food products, including unpasteurized dairy products, processed meats, and ready-to-eat vegetables. In Western countries, the majority of reported cases require hospitalization and, in severe forms, may result in septicemia, meningitis, or spontaneous abortion and fetal loss in pregnant women. The etiological agent, Listeria monocytogenes, exhibits several features that complicate its control and eradication. The bacterium shows tolerance to certain antimicrobial agents, an intracellular lifestyle that enables evasion of host immune defenses, and a remarkable ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, including survival and growth at refrigeration temperatures, thereby increasing the risk of contamination throughout the food production and distribution chain. This work aims to review the impact of listeriosis in Spain by examining the pathogenic mechanisms of L. monocytogenes and its epidemiological characteristics, including incidence, distribution, and the main at-risk populations, such as neonates, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. Overall, this review seeks to provide an integrated perspective to better understand the magnitude of the disease and to highlight the need to strengthen research efforts as well as preventive and control strategies.
Listeriosis is an infrequent but severe foodborne disease associated with a high case-fatality rate, which makes it a major global public health concern. Its impact is not limited to public health, due to the severe clinical manifestations observed in specific vulnerable populations, but also extends to the economic sphere, owing to the substantial costs related to hospitalization, long-term antimicrobial therapy, and the implementation of control measures within the food industry. Transmission occurs primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food products, including unpasteurized dairy products, processed meats, and ready-to-eat vegetables. In Western countries, the majority of reported cases require hospitalization and, in severe forms, may result in septicemia, meningitis, or spontaneous abortion and fetal loss in pregnant women. The etiological agent, Listeria monocytogenes, exhibits several features that complicate its control and eradication. The bacterium shows tolerance to certain antimicrobial agents, an intracellular lifestyle that enables evasion of host immune defenses, and a remarkable ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, including survival and growth at refrigeration temperatures, thereby increasing the risk of contamination throughout the food production and distribution chain. This work aims to review the impact of listeriosis in Spain by examining the pathogenic mechanisms of L. monocytogenes and its epidemiological characteristics, including incidence, distribution, and the main at-risk populations, such as neonates, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. Overall, this review seeks to provide an integrated perspective to better understand the magnitude of the disease and to highlight the need to strengthen research efforts as well as preventive and control strategies.
Direction
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Fentanyl: How much does society know about this active ingredient?
Authorship
M.F.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.F.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid analgesic whose analgesic potency is between 50 and 100 times greater than that of morphine. Its rapid action and high capacity for pain relief have made it an effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of chronic pain and pain associated with cancer, and it is one of the most widely used drugs in hospitals and palliative care. In Spain, fentanyl is subject to strict regulation, and its use is restricted to well-defined clinical indications. Unlike other international contexts, such as the United States and Canada, where illicit fentanyl use has caused a major public health crisis, there has been no evidence of a comparable epidemiological problem associated with its illegal use at the national level. However, in recent years there has been a gradual increase in opioid use in general, which has raised concerns about the inappropriate use of fentanyl, especially in prescriptions outside the summary of product characteristics or in unauthorised indications. This report will focus on describing the mechanisms of action of fentanyl, its therapeutic uses, the risks associated with its consumption, and the worrying health crisis related to its abuse. Through a review of the literature on this substance and a survey of people of different ages and backgrounds, the level of knowledge that the population has about fentanyl will be assessed.
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid analgesic whose analgesic potency is between 50 and 100 times greater than that of morphine. Its rapid action and high capacity for pain relief have made it an effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of chronic pain and pain associated with cancer, and it is one of the most widely used drugs in hospitals and palliative care. In Spain, fentanyl is subject to strict regulation, and its use is restricted to well-defined clinical indications. Unlike other international contexts, such as the United States and Canada, where illicit fentanyl use has caused a major public health crisis, there has been no evidence of a comparable epidemiological problem associated with its illegal use at the national level. However, in recent years there has been a gradual increase in opioid use in general, which has raised concerns about the inappropriate use of fentanyl, especially in prescriptions outside the summary of product characteristics or in unauthorised indications. This report will focus on describing the mechanisms of action of fentanyl, its therapeutic uses, the risks associated with its consumption, and the worrying health crisis related to its abuse. Through a review of the literature on this substance and a survey of people of different ages and backgrounds, the level of knowledge that the population has about fentanyl will be assessed.
Direction
Laguna Francia, María de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Laguna Francia, María de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
New developments in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authorship
Y.G.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Y.G.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Helicobacter pylori infection remains a major global public health issue and is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Although standard antibiotic regimens have long represented the reference treatment, their effectiveness has been progressively reduced due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, particularly to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones. This work reviews and analyzes recent advances in the treatment of H. pylori, focusing on both the improvement of current antibiotic strategies and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Special emphasis is placed on resistance-guided therapy and personalized medicine, which enable the adaptation of treatment regimens to the characteristics of the microorganism and the patient, thereby improving eradication rates and reducing therapeutic failure. In addition, advances in gastric acid suppression are analyzed, highlighting the role of potassium-competitive acid blockers, as well as the use of alternative antibiotics in rescue therapies, such as rifabutin. Furthermore, the role of adjuvant therapies, particularly probiotics, is reviewed, and emerging future perspectives are explored, including vaccine development, bacteriophage therapy, and nanotechnology-based approaches. Overall, these advances support a more effective, individualized, and sustainable pharmacotherapeutic management of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Helicobacter pylori infection remains a major global public health issue and is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Although standard antibiotic regimens have long represented the reference treatment, their effectiveness has been progressively reduced due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, particularly to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones. This work reviews and analyzes recent advances in the treatment of H. pylori, focusing on both the improvement of current antibiotic strategies and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Special emphasis is placed on resistance-guided therapy and personalized medicine, which enable the adaptation of treatment regimens to the characteristics of the microorganism and the patient, thereby improving eradication rates and reducing therapeutic failure. In addition, advances in gastric acid suppression are analyzed, highlighting the role of potassium-competitive acid blockers, as well as the use of alternative antibiotics in rescue therapies, such as rifabutin. Furthermore, the role of adjuvant therapies, particularly probiotics, is reviewed, and emerging future perspectives are explored, including vaccine development, bacteriophage therapy, and nanotechnology-based approaches. Overall, these advances support a more effective, individualized, and sustainable pharmacotherapeutic management of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Direction
LANDIN PEREZ, MARIANA (Tutorships)
LANDIN PEREZ, MARIANA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Inmunotherapy in neurodegenerative diseases: new therapeutic strategies.
Authorship
N.G.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.G.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasingly significant challenge due to their rising prevalence and the lack of treatments capable of effectively halting disease progression. In this context, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, based on the modulation of the immune response to reduce the accumulation of pathological proteins within the nervous system. The aim of this work is to analyze the therapeutic potential of the different immunotherapeutic strategies developed over the last decade, including the use of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccines. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of each of these therapeutic approaches. The results indicate that immunotherapy has shown promising outcomes in preclinical studies, with a reduction in protein aggregate accumulation and improvements in motor and cognitive parameters. However, despite these findings, the translation of these strategies into clinical trials involving human patients has yielded variable results and limited efficacy, often associated with adverse reactions and patient heterogeneity. These discrepancies between preclinical and clinical studies highlight the need for continued research in this field.
Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasingly significant challenge due to their rising prevalence and the lack of treatments capable of effectively halting disease progression. In this context, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, based on the modulation of the immune response to reduce the accumulation of pathological proteins within the nervous system. The aim of this work is to analyze the therapeutic potential of the different immunotherapeutic strategies developed over the last decade, including the use of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccines. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of each of these therapeutic approaches. The results indicate that immunotherapy has shown promising outcomes in preclinical studies, with a reduction in protein aggregate accumulation and improvements in motor and cognitive parameters. However, despite these findings, the translation of these strategies into clinical trials involving human patients has yielded variable results and limited efficacy, often associated with adverse reactions and patient heterogeneity. These discrepancies between preclinical and clinical studies highlight the need for continued research in this field.
Direction
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Tutorships)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Sacred Drugs: Historical Application in Spiritual Ceremonies, Mechanism of Action, Psychoactive Effects and Toxicity.
Authorship
Á.G.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Á.G.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Humans have used numerous psychoactive substances since prehistoric times to achieve altered states of consciousness within ceremonial and magical-religious contexts. The main objective of this work is to analyze, from an anthropological and pharmacological perspective, the use of various psychedelics, such as psilocybin and ayahuasca. The bibliographic review carried out was structured according to the PRISMA method, using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, as well as books, scientific journals, and reports. The results obtained show that the use of psychedelics is a transcultural and ancestral phenomenon, as deeply rooted in human history as the earliest artistic expressions, and that many of the ceremonies in which these substances were traditionally employed remain in practice today, as is the case with the Yuruparí ritual. The main psychoactive effects of psilocybin and DMT (synesthesia, emotional intensification, time distortion, or ego dissolution) are primarily produced by their agonist action on serotonergic receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor. Both drugs present a fairly adequate safety profile, always influenced by the individual’s set and setting. In conclusion, psilocybin and ayahuasca should not be understood solely as drugs, but also as cultural tools present throughout history in many societies around the world, as well as in some of the humanity’s main cultural manifestations, such as religion. Moreover, there is currently a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of these substances for certain psychiatric disorders.
Humans have used numerous psychoactive substances since prehistoric times to achieve altered states of consciousness within ceremonial and magical-religious contexts. The main objective of this work is to analyze, from an anthropological and pharmacological perspective, the use of various psychedelics, such as psilocybin and ayahuasca. The bibliographic review carried out was structured according to the PRISMA method, using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, as well as books, scientific journals, and reports. The results obtained show that the use of psychedelics is a transcultural and ancestral phenomenon, as deeply rooted in human history as the earliest artistic expressions, and that many of the ceremonies in which these substances were traditionally employed remain in practice today, as is the case with the Yuruparí ritual. The main psychoactive effects of psilocybin and DMT (synesthesia, emotional intensification, time distortion, or ego dissolution) are primarily produced by their agonist action on serotonergic receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor. Both drugs present a fairly adequate safety profile, always influenced by the individual’s set and setting. In conclusion, psilocybin and ayahuasca should not be understood solely as drugs, but also as cultural tools present throughout history in many societies around the world, as well as in some of the humanity’s main cultural manifestations, such as religion. Moreover, there is currently a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of these substances for certain psychiatric disorders.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ SELLERO, INÉS (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ SELLERO, INÉS (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Water smells weird: Pharmacovigilance review of metamizole-induced smell and taste disorders.
Authorship
J.G.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.G.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
This project is a review of the bibliography concerning sensory adverse reactions (rarely reported) after the intake of the painkiller metamizole. Due to the several difficulties this kind of research faces, having in mind there's rare instances of scientific reporting, but plenty of anecdotical evidence, the methodological approach is a multiple-factors one, analysing most of the agents involved in the process, in order to draw an overview of the current situation and make inquiries in a very novel field like the drug-induced chemical senses disorders one. This amplified investigation method tries to find all the rigurous information about adverse reactions such as this one, and other similar ones, and link them to multiple contextual factors.
This project is a review of the bibliography concerning sensory adverse reactions (rarely reported) after the intake of the painkiller metamizole. Due to the several difficulties this kind of research faces, having in mind there's rare instances of scientific reporting, but plenty of anecdotical evidence, the methodological approach is a multiple-factors one, analysing most of the agents involved in the process, in order to draw an overview of the current situation and make inquiries in a very novel field like the drug-induced chemical senses disorders one. This amplified investigation method tries to find all the rigurous information about adverse reactions such as this one, and other similar ones, and link them to multiple contextual factors.
Direction
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Cannabis use as a risk factor for psychosis: an update on epidemiological and clinical evidence
Authorship
M.I.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.I.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
This TFG reviews the evidence published between 2010 and 2025 on the relationship between cannabis use and the onset or worsening of psychosis in adolescents and adults. A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses (N = 27) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Consistently, the results agree in describing a dose-response relationship: the risk of psychosis increases significantly with frequency of use and with the use of high-potency products (high THC/low CBD). Neurobiological evidence supports this association and shows that THC can alter key brain processes, such as dopaminergic regulation and the salience network, in addition to structural changes in regions such as the hippocampus. Several vulnerability factors were also identified, including early onset of use, childhood trauma, and certain genetic variants such as COMT and AKT1. In the clinical setting, cannabis-induced psychosis has a high transition rate to schizophrenia, estimated at 34%, making it a high-risk condition. The conclusions underscore the need to develop public health strategies that delay the age of onset and monitor consumption in vulnerable populations, as cannabis is a priority modifiable risk factor for the prevention of psychotic disorders.
This TFG reviews the evidence published between 2010 and 2025 on the relationship between cannabis use and the onset or worsening of psychosis in adolescents and adults. A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses (N = 27) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Consistently, the results agree in describing a dose-response relationship: the risk of psychosis increases significantly with frequency of use and with the use of high-potency products (high THC/low CBD). Neurobiological evidence supports this association and shows that THC can alter key brain processes, such as dopaminergic regulation and the salience network, in addition to structural changes in regions such as the hippocampus. Several vulnerability factors were also identified, including early onset of use, childhood trauma, and certain genetic variants such as COMT and AKT1. In the clinical setting, cannabis-induced psychosis has a high transition rate to schizophrenia, estimated at 34%, making it a high-risk condition. The conclusions underscore the need to develop public health strategies that delay the age of onset and monitor consumption in vulnerable populations, as cannabis is a priority modifiable risk factor for the prevention of psychotic disorders.
Direction
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Magnesium and human health: scientific evidence
Authorship
A.L.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.L.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in numerous physiological processes that are fundamental for the proper functioning of the human body. In recent years, interest in magnesium supplementation has increased considerably, partly due to the high prevalence of inadequate dietary intake and the association between magnesium deficiency and various pathological conditions. This Final Degree Project presents a bibliographic review on magnesium and its use as a dietary supplement, analyzing its biological role, dietary sources, and the available scientific evidence regarding its potential health benefits. To this end, a systematic search of scientific literature published mainly over the last ten years was conducted using specialized databases. The findings indicate that magnesium plays a key role in energy metabolism, neuromuscular function, cardiovascular regulation, and bone homeostasis. Furthermore, magnesium supplementation may be beneficial in certain at-risk populations and clinical situations, particularly in the presence of prior deficiency. However, its use should be based on individualized criteria and professional guidance, always prioritizing a balanced diet as the primary source of this mineral.
Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in numerous physiological processes that are fundamental for the proper functioning of the human body. In recent years, interest in magnesium supplementation has increased considerably, partly due to the high prevalence of inadequate dietary intake and the association between magnesium deficiency and various pathological conditions. This Final Degree Project presents a bibliographic review on magnesium and its use as a dietary supplement, analyzing its biological role, dietary sources, and the available scientific evidence regarding its potential health benefits. To this end, a systematic search of scientific literature published mainly over the last ten years was conducted using specialized databases. The findings indicate that magnesium plays a key role in energy metabolism, neuromuscular function, cardiovascular regulation, and bone homeostasis. Furthermore, magnesium supplementation may be beneficial in certain at-risk populations and clinical situations, particularly in the presence of prior deficiency. However, its use should be based on individualized criteria and professional guidance, always prioritizing a balanced diet as the primary source of this mineral.
Direction
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Dietary Tannins
Authorship
R.L.P.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
R.L.P.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds derived from the secondary metabolism of plants that can also be found in some species of brown algae. Their two most defining characteristics are their antioxidant effect, due to their high content of phenols and hydroxyl groups, and their ability to precipitate proteins and other macromolecules. Their use dates back centuries, but in recent years they have been studied more extensively, revealing numerous health benefits associated with their consumption. In this paper, we will review their classification and structural differences, their presence in foods and how they contribute to food flavor, and the physiological functions they perform based on scientific evidence, addressing both their beneficial and less desirable effects.
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds derived from the secondary metabolism of plants that can also be found in some species of brown algae. Their two most defining characteristics are their antioxidant effect, due to their high content of phenols and hydroxyl groups, and their ability to precipitate proteins and other macromolecules. Their use dates back centuries, but in recent years they have been studied more extensively, revealing numerous health benefits associated with their consumption. In this paper, we will review their classification and structural differences, their presence in foods and how they contribute to food flavor, and the physiological functions they perform based on scientific evidence, addressing both their beneficial and less desirable effects.
Direction
LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, MARIA JULIA CELIA (Tutorships)
LOPEZ HERNANDEZ, MARIA JULIA CELIA (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Presence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Iberian wolf
Authorship
I.M.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.M.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Protozoa of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia are ubiquitous parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Both cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis are transmitted via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of (oo)cysts contaminating drinking water and food. The Iberian wolf, Canis lupus signatus Linnaeus, 1758, is a generalist carnivorous canid endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It represents one of the top predators in Spain, mainly preying on ungulates, both wild and domestic. In the present study, the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was investigated in 68 fecal samples from Iberian wolves collected in Galicia. After applying a biphasic concentration method, a direct immunofluorescence assay was performed, revealing the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in 3 (4.4%) and 9 (13.2%) samples, respectively. Molecular biology techniques increased the prevalence of Cryptosporidium to 8.8% (6 samples) and allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium canis, Cryptosporidium sp., and the zoonotic subtype IIaA15G2R1 of Cryptosporidium parvum. Unfortunately, Giardia isolates were not successfully characterized. This study represents the first record of Cryptosporidium in the Iberian wolf in Galicia, identifying this canid as a host and potential reservoir of this parasitic protozoan in the region. The detection of zoonotic genotypes evidences the circulation of pathogens of sanitary relevance and highlights the role of the wolf as a sentinel under the One Health approach.
Protozoa of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia are ubiquitous parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Both cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis are transmitted via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of (oo)cysts contaminating drinking water and food. The Iberian wolf, Canis lupus signatus Linnaeus, 1758, is a generalist carnivorous canid endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It represents one of the top predators in Spain, mainly preying on ungulates, both wild and domestic. In the present study, the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was investigated in 68 fecal samples from Iberian wolves collected in Galicia. After applying a biphasic concentration method, a direct immunofluorescence assay was performed, revealing the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in 3 (4.4%) and 9 (13.2%) samples, respectively. Molecular biology techniques increased the prevalence of Cryptosporidium to 8.8% (6 samples) and allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium canis, Cryptosporidium sp., and the zoonotic subtype IIaA15G2R1 of Cryptosporidium parvum. Unfortunately, Giardia isolates were not successfully characterized. This study represents the first record of Cryptosporidium in the Iberian wolf in Galicia, identifying this canid as a host and potential reservoir of this parasitic protozoan in the region. The detection of zoonotic genotypes evidences the circulation of pathogens of sanitary relevance and highlights the role of the wolf as a sentinel under the One Health approach.
Direction
COUSO PEREZ, SEILA (Tutorships)
COUSO PEREZ, SEILA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Influence of biorhythms on the ADME of drugs
Authorship
S.M.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.M.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
The physiological and/or pathological processes of the human organism are controlled by a central biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and by peripheral clocks present in various tissues. They are responsible for coordinating the biological rhythms that influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs, affecting, to varying degrees, each of the ADME processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion). Circadian variations can directly impact drug efficacy and toxicity. Chronopharmacology seeks to optimize a treatment by taking into account how the time of administration affects its efficacy (chronoefficacy) and toxicity (chronotoxicity) in order to propose an optimal time of administration. For this purpose, pharmacokinetic variations (chronopharmacokinetic) and the physiological and/or pathological changes of the disease to be treated must be taken into account. With this knowledge, chrono-adapted drug delivery systems (Chrono-DDS) are being developed, designed to obtain high plasma drug levels at the time of greatest therapeutic need in order to make the drug more effective and better tolerated.
The physiological and/or pathological processes of the human organism are controlled by a central biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and by peripheral clocks present in various tissues. They are responsible for coordinating the biological rhythms that influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs, affecting, to varying degrees, each of the ADME processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion). Circadian variations can directly impact drug efficacy and toxicity. Chronopharmacology seeks to optimize a treatment by taking into account how the time of administration affects its efficacy (chronoefficacy) and toxicity (chronotoxicity) in order to propose an optimal time of administration. For this purpose, pharmacokinetic variations (chronopharmacokinetic) and the physiological and/or pathological changes of the disease to be treated must be taken into account. With this knowledge, chrono-adapted drug delivery systems (Chrono-DDS) are being developed, designed to obtain high plasma drug levels at the time of greatest therapeutic need in order to make the drug more effective and better tolerated.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Nanotechnology for cancer immunotherapy
Authorship
C.M.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.M.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
The immunotherapy, through the modification of the patient´s own immune system, shows great potential in cancer treatment and in the eradication of tumor cells. Specifically, nanotechnology enables drug delivery with high specificity, thereby reducing adverse effects compared with conventional therapies. This approach is based on the modulation of different factors involved in the antineoplastic immune response, as well as the tumor microenvironment. The aim of nanosystems is to deliver the desired amount of drug to the specific site of action and to ensure it remains there for the necessary time to maximize effectiveness and safety. In this review, the characteristics, advantages and limitations of different types of immunotherapies are described, along with various approaches to ensure treatment efficacy. The objectives for this revision are to search, analyze and study the different bibliographic sources to determine the potential of nanoparticle-based systems to enhance antigen presentation, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and improve the efficacy of immunomodulatory agents.
The immunotherapy, through the modification of the patient´s own immune system, shows great potential in cancer treatment and in the eradication of tumor cells. Specifically, nanotechnology enables drug delivery with high specificity, thereby reducing adverse effects compared with conventional therapies. This approach is based on the modulation of different factors involved in the antineoplastic immune response, as well as the tumor microenvironment. The aim of nanosystems is to deliver the desired amount of drug to the specific site of action and to ensure it remains there for the necessary time to maximize effectiveness and safety. In this review, the characteristics, advantages and limitations of different types of immunotherapies are described, along with various approaches to ensure treatment efficacy. The objectives for this revision are to search, analyze and study the different bibliographic sources to determine the potential of nanoparticle-based systems to enhance antigen presentation, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and improve the efficacy of immunomodulatory agents.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Topical treatment of psoriasis: active ingredients and pharmaceutical formulations
Authorship
É.M.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
É.M.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of immune-mediated origin, which has a high prevalence and a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Its chronic nature and the absence of a curative treatment requires a prolonged and individualized therapeutic approach, in which topical treatment plays a fundamental role, especially in mild and moderate presentations of the disease. This Final Degree Project analyses the topical pharmaceutical formulations used in the treatment of psoriasis, with the aim of describing the main active ingredients used, their mechanisms of action and the influence of the pharmaceutical form on therapeutic efficacy, skin absorption, tolerability and treatment adherence. To this end, a review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years has been carried out, using databases specialized in health sciences. Throughout the study, the different pharmaceutical forms available for topical administration, such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions and foams, are reviewed, analyzing their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages depending on the location and extent of the lesions, as well as the patient's needs. Furthermore, the correct selection and combination of active ingredients and pharmaceutical forms improve clinical control of the disease and promotes adherence to treatment, highlighting the potential of nanotechnology-based delivery systems to optimise topical therapy.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of immune-mediated origin, which has a high prevalence and a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Its chronic nature and the absence of a curative treatment requires a prolonged and individualized therapeutic approach, in which topical treatment plays a fundamental role, especially in mild and moderate presentations of the disease. This Final Degree Project analyses the topical pharmaceutical formulations used in the treatment of psoriasis, with the aim of describing the main active ingredients used, their mechanisms of action and the influence of the pharmaceutical form on therapeutic efficacy, skin absorption, tolerability and treatment adherence. To this end, a review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years has been carried out, using databases specialized in health sciences. Throughout the study, the different pharmaceutical forms available for topical administration, such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions and foams, are reviewed, analyzing their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages depending on the location and extent of the lesions, as well as the patient's needs. Furthermore, the correct selection and combination of active ingredients and pharmaceutical forms improve clinical control of the disease and promotes adherence to treatment, highlighting the potential of nanotechnology-based delivery systems to optimise topical therapy.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
From statins to inclisiran: therapeutic transition and sustainability in the management of dyslipidaemia in Spain
Authorship
E.M.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
E.M.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASVD) continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Spain and in many developed countries. The main etiological factor in the development of atherosclerosis is low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol. Clinical and genetic evidence demonstrates that LDL-C reduction is directly associated with a proportional decrease in cardiovascular risk, focusing on, the lower, better, hypothesis as the basis of therapy. Statins are the first line of treatment against this pathology due to their efficacy, safety and pleiotropic effects. However, its use has important limitations, such as the appearance of statinassociated muscle symptoms (SAMS) or the low adherence demonstrated in real clinical practice. Faced with this therapeutic gap, new lipid-lowering therapies have been developed. Bempedoic acid, whose activation occurs specifically in the liver, does not present muscle symptoms and achieves both a reduction in LDL-C and cardiovascular events (Clear Outcomes) in patients suffering from statin intolerance. On the other hand, PCSK9 monoclonal inhibitors, such as evolocumab and alirocumab, achieve LDL-C reductions of 50-60%, also achieving 15% fewer major cardiovascular events demonstrated in the FOURIER and ODYSSEY Outcomes trials. Inclisirán, a siRNA administered biannually, achieves sustained reductions of close to 50%, potentially improving adherence. The pharmaco-economic analysis shows that iPCSK9 are the drugs with the best costeffectiveness ratio for very high-risk groups, while inclisiran and bempedoic acid are conditioned by their clinical impact and price in the Spanish NHS. Finally, a structured therapeutic algorithm that integrates cardiovascular risk, adherence, efficacy and sustainability to optimize the current care practice of dyslipidemia is presented.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASVD) continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Spain and in many developed countries. The main etiological factor in the development of atherosclerosis is low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol. Clinical and genetic evidence demonstrates that LDL-C reduction is directly associated with a proportional decrease in cardiovascular risk, focusing on, the lower, better, hypothesis as the basis of therapy. Statins are the first line of treatment against this pathology due to their efficacy, safety and pleiotropic effects. However, its use has important limitations, such as the appearance of statinassociated muscle symptoms (SAMS) or the low adherence demonstrated in real clinical practice. Faced with this therapeutic gap, new lipid-lowering therapies have been developed. Bempedoic acid, whose activation occurs specifically in the liver, does not present muscle symptoms and achieves both a reduction in LDL-C and cardiovascular events (Clear Outcomes) in patients suffering from statin intolerance. On the other hand, PCSK9 monoclonal inhibitors, such as evolocumab and alirocumab, achieve LDL-C reductions of 50-60%, also achieving 15% fewer major cardiovascular events demonstrated in the FOURIER and ODYSSEY Outcomes trials. Inclisirán, a siRNA administered biannually, achieves sustained reductions of close to 50%, potentially improving adherence. The pharmaco-economic analysis shows that iPCSK9 are the drugs with the best costeffectiveness ratio for very high-risk groups, while inclisiran and bempedoic acid are conditioned by their clinical impact and price in the Spanish NHS. Finally, a structured therapeutic algorithm that integrates cardiovascular risk, adherence, efficacy and sustainability to optimize the current care practice of dyslipidemia is presented.
Direction
Laguna Francia, María de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Laguna Francia, María de los Reyes (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Stem cells for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Authorship
S.N.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.N.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Autoimmune diseases constitute a clinical challenge of great magnitude due to the loss of self-tolerance and the need for chronic treatments that present limited efficacy or significant adverse effects. This work analyzes the potential of stem cell therapies as an innovative strategy for the restoration of immunological balance and the repair of tissue damage. A comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiology of the immune system is performed, detailing the processes of immunological tolerance and the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to autoimmunity, both in organ-specific and systemic diseases. Based on this foundation, the role of stem cells in the reprogramming of the immune response is investigated, analyzing their immunomodulatory capacity through various mechanisms. On the other hand, critical barriers that condition their definitive clinical application are also identified: the standardization of manufacturing, the management of biological risks such as tumorigenicity, and the associated high costs. In conclusion, advanced therapies represent a paradigm shift towards disease-modifying medicine, although their definitive consolidation requires resolving the technical and safety challenges still presented by current clinical research
Autoimmune diseases constitute a clinical challenge of great magnitude due to the loss of self-tolerance and the need for chronic treatments that present limited efficacy or significant adverse effects. This work analyzes the potential of stem cell therapies as an innovative strategy for the restoration of immunological balance and the repair of tissue damage. A comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiology of the immune system is performed, detailing the processes of immunological tolerance and the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to autoimmunity, both in organ-specific and systemic diseases. Based on this foundation, the role of stem cells in the reprogramming of the immune response is investigated, analyzing their immunomodulatory capacity through various mechanisms. On the other hand, critical barriers that condition their definitive clinical application are also identified: the standardization of manufacturing, the management of biological risks such as tumorigenicity, and the associated high costs. In conclusion, advanced therapies represent a paradigm shift towards disease-modifying medicine, although their definitive consolidation requires resolving the technical and safety challenges still presented by current clinical research
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.
Authorship
M.N.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.N.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical disorder characterised by an abnormal increase in certain bacteria in this region of the digestive tract, which is associated with a wide variety of gastrointestinal symptoms. In recent years, clinical interest in this disorder has increased significantly, driven both by the growing scientific focus on the gut microbiota and by improvements in diagnostic techniques. However, SIBO is linked to numerous predisposing factors and presents with heterogeneous and non-specific clinical manifestations, which can lead to confusion with other digestive diseases.Diagnosis is based primarily on indirect tests,and its management requires a comprehensive approach combining pharmacological treatment, dietary interventions, and strategies aimed at correcting causal factors and preventing relapses.However, the scientific evidence supporting these interventions remains limited and, together with the limitations of current diagnostic tools, makes the management of SIBO a major clinical challenge.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical disorder characterised by an abnormal increase in certain bacteria in this region of the digestive tract, which is associated with a wide variety of gastrointestinal symptoms. In recent years, clinical interest in this disorder has increased significantly, driven both by the growing scientific focus on the gut microbiota and by improvements in diagnostic techniques. However, SIBO is linked to numerous predisposing factors and presents with heterogeneous and non-specific clinical manifestations, which can lead to confusion with other digestive diseases.Diagnosis is based primarily on indirect tests,and its management requires a comprehensive approach combining pharmacological treatment, dietary interventions, and strategies aimed at correcting causal factors and preventing relapses.However, the scientific evidence supporting these interventions remains limited and, together with the limitations of current diagnostic tools, makes the management of SIBO a major clinical challenge.
Direction
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Toxicological Evaluation of Fentanyl and New Synthetic Opioids (NSO)
Authorship
S.N.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.N.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Fentanyl and new synthetic opioids (NSOs) currently represent a serious public health threat due to their high potency, rapid expansion in the illicit drug market, and the high mortality associated with their use. These substances are characterized by high lipophilicity and strong affinity for mu opioid receptors, which facilitates their rapid penetration into the central nervous system and leads to severe respiratory depression, the main cause of death in overdose cases. The increase in their consumption has been driven by low production costs, ease of distribution, and their frequent use as adulterants in traditional drugs and counterfeit medications. In addition, NSOs exhibit an extremely narrow therapeutic margin, along with high interindividual variability in metabolism and a significant risk of pharmacological interactions, particularly when combined with other central nervous system depressants. Acute toxicity primarily manifests through the classic opioid overdose triad: miosis, respiratory depression, and loss of consciousness, which may result in death. Furthermore, chronic use is associated with hepatic, cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological alterations, as well as the development of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal syndrome. Analytical detection remains a major challenge due to the structural diversity of NSOs, their low concentrations in biological samples, and the continuous emergence of new compounds. Therefore, the health and social impact of fentanyl and NSOs requires a comprehensive response based on prevention, harm reduction, and the improvement of analytical methods.
Fentanyl and new synthetic opioids (NSOs) currently represent a serious public health threat due to their high potency, rapid expansion in the illicit drug market, and the high mortality associated with their use. These substances are characterized by high lipophilicity and strong affinity for mu opioid receptors, which facilitates their rapid penetration into the central nervous system and leads to severe respiratory depression, the main cause of death in overdose cases. The increase in their consumption has been driven by low production costs, ease of distribution, and their frequent use as adulterants in traditional drugs and counterfeit medications. In addition, NSOs exhibit an extremely narrow therapeutic margin, along with high interindividual variability in metabolism and a significant risk of pharmacological interactions, particularly when combined with other central nervous system depressants. Acute toxicity primarily manifests through the classic opioid overdose triad: miosis, respiratory depression, and loss of consciousness, which may result in death. Furthermore, chronic use is associated with hepatic, cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological alterations, as well as the development of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal syndrome. Analytical detection remains a major challenge due to the structural diversity of NSOs, their low concentrations in biological samples, and the continuous emergence of new compounds. Therefore, the health and social impact of fentanyl and NSOs requires a comprehensive response based on prevention, harm reduction, and the improvement of analytical methods.
Direction
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Treatment and prevention of the flu
Authorship
M.O.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.O.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the Influenza virus and continues to represent a significant global public health challenge due to its high mutation rate, wide distribution, and potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. These characteristics complicate its control and influence both therapeutic strategies and preventive measures. The aim of this study is to provide an integrated analysis of the structure, life cycle, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention of Influenza virus infection through an updated bibliographic review. The main molecular mechanisms involved in viral replication and genetic variability are described, as well as their relationship with pathogenesis and transmission. In the therapeutic field, currently available classical antivirals are reviewed, including their mechanisms of action and limitations. Emerging therapeutic approaches are also discussed, such as antivirals targeting novel viral components, biological therapies, combination treatments, and host-directed strategies aimed at improving clinical efficacy and reducing the development of resistance. Prevention of influenza is also analyzed, highlighting the central role of seasonal vaccination as the primary control strategy. Both conventional vaccines and innovative and emerging vaccination approaches are described, focusing on strategies designed to provide broader and longer-lasting protection with reduced dependence on annual reformulation. Overall, this work underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to the Influenza virus based on effective therapeutic strategies and robust prevention programs.
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the Influenza virus and continues to represent a significant global public health challenge due to its high mutation rate, wide distribution, and potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. These characteristics complicate its control and influence both therapeutic strategies and preventive measures. The aim of this study is to provide an integrated analysis of the structure, life cycle, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention of Influenza virus infection through an updated bibliographic review. The main molecular mechanisms involved in viral replication and genetic variability are described, as well as their relationship with pathogenesis and transmission. In the therapeutic field, currently available classical antivirals are reviewed, including their mechanisms of action and limitations. Emerging therapeutic approaches are also discussed, such as antivirals targeting novel viral components, biological therapies, combination treatments, and host-directed strategies aimed at improving clinical efficacy and reducing the development of resistance. Prevention of influenza is also analyzed, highlighting the central role of seasonal vaccination as the primary control strategy. Both conventional vaccines and innovative and emerging vaccination approaches are described, focusing on strategies designed to provide broader and longer-lasting protection with reduced dependence on annual reformulation. Overall, this work underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to the Influenza virus based on effective therapeutic strategies and robust prevention programs.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Models for the evaluation of Endocrine Disruption
Authorship
S.P.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.P.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system, causing adverse effects on both human health and the environment. In recent years, the number of chemicals with disruptive activity has increased considerably, making their identification of high importance. Exposure to EDs, especially during early development, has been associated with reproductive, metabolic, and neurological disorders, among others, highlighting the need for reliable methods for their study and evaluation. Currently, their identification is primarily carried out using in vivo and in vitro models, which have limitations related to the use of animals, study time, and the extrapolation of data to humans. Therefore, international organizations such as the OECD, along with platforms like PEPPER and research projects like the EURION and ENKORE clusters, are working to increase the number of available projects and facilitate their validation and regulatory approval. In this paper, we will present an updated literature review of the models used to evaluate endocrine disruption and analyze their stage of development, validation status, and level of regulatory acceptance, as well as their trends over the years. We conclude that no single model is sufficient to fully evaluate the endocrine disruption potential of a substance, so combining different methods and improving validation processes are crucial for more effective identification of endocrine disruptors.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system, causing adverse effects on both human health and the environment. In recent years, the number of chemicals with disruptive activity has increased considerably, making their identification of high importance. Exposure to EDs, especially during early development, has been associated with reproductive, metabolic, and neurological disorders, among others, highlighting the need for reliable methods for their study and evaluation. Currently, their identification is primarily carried out using in vivo and in vitro models, which have limitations related to the use of animals, study time, and the extrapolation of data to humans. Therefore, international organizations such as the OECD, along with platforms like PEPPER and research projects like the EURION and ENKORE clusters, are working to increase the number of available projects and facilitate their validation and regulatory approval. In this paper, we will present an updated literature review of the models used to evaluate endocrine disruption and analyze their stage of development, validation status, and level of regulatory acceptance, as well as their trends over the years. We conclude that no single model is sufficient to fully evaluate the endocrine disruption potential of a substance, so combining different methods and improving validation processes are crucial for more effective identification of endocrine disruptors.
Direction
LOZA GARCIA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LOZA GARCIA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Viral vaccines included in the immunization schedule.
Authorship
N.P.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.P.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Vaccines are drugs formulated with a virus or segments of it to stimulate the immune system. They originated in the variolation, which involves applying the smallpox from recovered patients’ pustules into healthy ones. This process had the risk of getting the infection. Overtime they came into conclusion that by attenuating the virus, among other techniques, the said risk was eliminated, optimizing its safety and effectiveness. In Spain we have a non-centralized immunization schedule including vaccines which cover up to thirteen diseases, distributed among infancy, elderly and risk groups. Despite having high coverage levels, there has been quite some outbreaks from covered diseases caused primarily by the anti-vaccines movement and the migrant flows coming from not covered countries.
Vaccines are drugs formulated with a virus or segments of it to stimulate the immune system. They originated in the variolation, which involves applying the smallpox from recovered patients’ pustules into healthy ones. This process had the risk of getting the infection. Overtime they came into conclusion that by attenuating the virus, among other techniques, the said risk was eliminated, optimizing its safety and effectiveness. In Spain we have a non-centralized immunization schedule including vaccines which cover up to thirteen diseases, distributed among infancy, elderly and risk groups. Despite having high coverage levels, there has been quite some outbreaks from covered diseases caused primarily by the anti-vaccines movement and the migrant flows coming from not covered countries.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Cyanobacteria: General characteristics, importance and incidence in human health
Authorship
J.J.Q.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.J.Q.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Cyanobacteria are the microorganisms that triggered the Great Oxidation, which was a key event of the evolution of the atmosphere. Despite its positive impact in the origin of life, cyanobacteria cause plenty cases of blooms which they are usually accompanied with cyanotoxins, that generates a global public health concern. For this reason, this thesis describes the morphology of the main orders that provoque these alterations at inland waters, as well as their cyanotoxins. In addition, it summarizes the different regulations that deal with the classification of the incidents, the methodology and the measuring parameters in relation with cyanobacteria in waterbodies, that have been published by different global, European, national and regional authorities.
Cyanobacteria are the microorganisms that triggered the Great Oxidation, which was a key event of the evolution of the atmosphere. Despite its positive impact in the origin of life, cyanobacteria cause plenty cases of blooms which they are usually accompanied with cyanotoxins, that generates a global public health concern. For this reason, this thesis describes the morphology of the main orders that provoque these alterations at inland waters, as well as their cyanotoxins. In addition, it summarizes the different regulations that deal with the classification of the incidents, the methodology and the measuring parameters in relation with cyanobacteria in waterbodies, that have been published by different global, European, national and regional authorities.
Direction
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Improving glioblastoma diagnosis using Immuno-PET and radiopharmaceuticals based on bispecific antibodies
Authorship
A.R.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.R.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive and prevalent tumours of the central nervous system. Currently, their diagnosis is complicated and requires invasive techniques. Immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is a non-invasive technique that combines PET imaging with antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals and allows the detection of specific markers expressed in these tumours, such as EGFRvIII. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the passage of these radiopharmaceuticals, restricting the use of this technique in neuro-oncological diseases. This study proposes the use of bispecific antibodies capable of crossing the BBB as a strategy to overcome this limitation. To this end, the in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution in healthy mice of monospecific antibody [89Zr]Zr-DFO-L8A4 and the bispecific antibody [89Zr]Zr-DFO-L8A4-TfR targeting EGFRvIII and the transferrin receptor was compared using PET and magnetic resonance imaging. Antibodies were conjugated and radiolabelled with zirconium-89 and administered intravenously. The subjects underwent scans at different times after injection, and blood samples were taken to analyse the in vivo pharmacokinetics. For ex vivo analysis, they were euthanized and their organs were removed. The results demonstrated greater brain uptake of the bispecific antibody and faster elimination from bloodstream. Analysis of the extracted organs confirmed the differences observed in vivo. These findings indicate that this strategy increases the brain uptake of these antibodies and therefore enables the use of Immuno-PET in neuro-oncological diseases. However, the small sample size and other methodological limitations require further studies to confirm these results.
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive and prevalent tumours of the central nervous system. Currently, their diagnosis is complicated and requires invasive techniques. Immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is a non-invasive technique that combines PET imaging with antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals and allows the detection of specific markers expressed in these tumours, such as EGFRvIII. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the passage of these radiopharmaceuticals, restricting the use of this technique in neuro-oncological diseases. This study proposes the use of bispecific antibodies capable of crossing the BBB as a strategy to overcome this limitation. To this end, the in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution in healthy mice of monospecific antibody [89Zr]Zr-DFO-L8A4 and the bispecific antibody [89Zr]Zr-DFO-L8A4-TfR targeting EGFRvIII and the transferrin receptor was compared using PET and magnetic resonance imaging. Antibodies were conjugated and radiolabelled with zirconium-89 and administered intravenously. The subjects underwent scans at different times after injection, and blood samples were taken to analyse the in vivo pharmacokinetics. For ex vivo analysis, they were euthanized and their organs were removed. The results demonstrated greater brain uptake of the bispecific antibody and faster elimination from bloodstream. Analysis of the extracted organs confirmed the differences observed in vivo. These findings indicate that this strategy increases the brain uptake of these antibodies and therefore enables the use of Immuno-PET in neuro-oncological diseases. However, the small sample size and other methodological limitations require further studies to confirm these results.
Direction
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Tutorships)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Skin Infections and Its Impact on Healthcare System
Authorship
M.R.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.R.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of major clinical relevance, responsible for a wide range of infections, particularly skin and soft tissue infections. The high prevalence of these conditions, together with the remarkable ability of this microorganism to develop antimicrobial resistance and express multiple virulence factors, represents a significant public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this work is to analyze the main antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and virulence factors of S. aureus, as well as to describe the most frequent and severe skin infections associated with this pathogen. In addition, current therapeutic options and emerging strategies for the management of these infections are reviewed. The results indicate that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as strains with intermediate or complete resistance to vancomycin, significantly complicate clinical management. Moreover, virulence factors such as toxin production and biofilm formation contribute to the severity and persistence of infections. Although antibiotics remain the cornerstone of treatment, novel anti-virulence therapies and immune-targeted strategies are emerging as promising alternatives. Overall, effective control of these infections requires a comprehensive approach combining appropriate therapy, infection prevention measures and rational use of antimicrobials.
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of major clinical relevance, responsible for a wide range of infections, particularly skin and soft tissue infections. The high prevalence of these conditions, together with the remarkable ability of this microorganism to develop antimicrobial resistance and express multiple virulence factors, represents a significant public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this work is to analyze the main antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and virulence factors of S. aureus, as well as to describe the most frequent and severe skin infections associated with this pathogen. In addition, current therapeutic options and emerging strategies for the management of these infections are reviewed. The results indicate that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as strains with intermediate or complete resistance to vancomycin, significantly complicate clinical management. Moreover, virulence factors such as toxin production and biofilm formation contribute to the severity and persistence of infections. Although antibiotics remain the cornerstone of treatment, novel anti-virulence therapies and immune-targeted strategies are emerging as promising alternatives. Overall, effective control of these infections requires a comprehensive approach combining appropriate therapy, infection prevention measures and rational use of antimicrobials.
Direction
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Improvement of solar water disinfection with a peroxymonosulfate granulate evaluation against the waterborne enteroparasite Cryptosporidium
Authorship
J.R.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.R.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
In 2022 more than 1.7 billion people consumed water contaminated with fecal matter posing a serious public health problem. Solar water disinfection the SODIS method is presented as an accessible and sustainable solution for improving the microbiological quality of drinking water in low and middle income countries however its efficacy against protozoa such as Cryptosporidium is limited. This Bachelors Thesis TFG evaluates the enhancement of the SODIS method through a granulate composed of potassium peroxymonosulfate PMS as a disinfectant and iron Fe as an activator in order to increase the inactivation of C. parvum oocysts. Assays were conducted in quartz reactors with distilled water and various granulates containing PMS Fe polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and beta cyclodextrin beta CD exposed to simulated solar radiation 40 W/m2 280 400 nm under a polyethylene terephthalate PET sheet or in darkness at 40 C for six hours. Oocyst viability was determined using the RT qPCR technique targeting the mRNA of the gene encoding the 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein HSP70. The results showed that PMS activated by temperature and UV radiation has high efficacy against Cryptosporidium. However the use of multiple activators in the granulate accelerates PMS consumption reducing its sustained disinfectant effect. Nevertheless the combination of PMS with PVP and of Fe with PVP and beta cyclodextrin significantly improves the efficacy of the SODIS method reaching an intermediate level of protection according to WHO criteria. It is concluded that a more progressive activation of PMS would allow for high levels of protection against waterborne protozoa. The addition of PMS provides a substantial improvement for the SODIS method regarding disinfection against Cryptosporidium.
In 2022 more than 1.7 billion people consumed water contaminated with fecal matter posing a serious public health problem. Solar water disinfection the SODIS method is presented as an accessible and sustainable solution for improving the microbiological quality of drinking water in low and middle income countries however its efficacy against protozoa such as Cryptosporidium is limited. This Bachelors Thesis TFG evaluates the enhancement of the SODIS method through a granulate composed of potassium peroxymonosulfate PMS as a disinfectant and iron Fe as an activator in order to increase the inactivation of C. parvum oocysts. Assays were conducted in quartz reactors with distilled water and various granulates containing PMS Fe polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and beta cyclodextrin beta CD exposed to simulated solar radiation 40 W/m2 280 400 nm under a polyethylene terephthalate PET sheet or in darkness at 40 C for six hours. Oocyst viability was determined using the RT qPCR technique targeting the mRNA of the gene encoding the 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein HSP70. The results showed that PMS activated by temperature and UV radiation has high efficacy against Cryptosporidium. However the use of multiple activators in the granulate accelerates PMS consumption reducing its sustained disinfectant effect. Nevertheless the combination of PMS with PVP and of Fe with PVP and beta cyclodextrin significantly improves the efficacy of the SODIS method reaching an intermediate level of protection according to WHO criteria. It is concluded that a more progressive activation of PMS would allow for high levels of protection against waterborne protozoa. The addition of PMS provides a substantial improvement for the SODIS method regarding disinfection against Cryptosporidium.
Direction
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Occurrence of microplastics in fishery products
Authorship
L.R.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.R.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Currently, microplastic pollution has become a growing concern due to its widespread distribution in aquatic ecosystems and its ability to enter the food web, potentially reach humans. According to the EFSA, these microplastic particles are described as a heterogeneous group of shapes (fibres, fragments, pellets, or beads) with approximate sizes ranging from 0.11 microm to 5 mm, unlike nanoplastics, which are below 0.1 microm. Their origin is diverse, allowing them to be classified as primary microplastics, intentionally manufactured for industrial use, and secondary microplastics, generated by the degradation of plastic materials in the environment. Detecting these particles remains a major challenge due to the lack of a standardised protocol and their heterogeneity in both composition and morphology. Notable approaches include thermal techniques such as pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry, spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR or Raman, and microscopy-based techniques such as fluorescence microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, reported microplastic levels in seafood vary widely due to differences in sampling locations and analytical techniques. Most particles are concentrated in the gastrointestinal contents of molluscs, crustaceans and fishes, but evidence of their presence in muscle tissue has also been reported, suggesting the potential for translocation of these contaminants. As a result of ingestion, harmful effects may occur, including inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity and alterations of the gut microbiota.
Currently, microplastic pollution has become a growing concern due to its widespread distribution in aquatic ecosystems and its ability to enter the food web, potentially reach humans. According to the EFSA, these microplastic particles are described as a heterogeneous group of shapes (fibres, fragments, pellets, or beads) with approximate sizes ranging from 0.11 microm to 5 mm, unlike nanoplastics, which are below 0.1 microm. Their origin is diverse, allowing them to be classified as primary microplastics, intentionally manufactured for industrial use, and secondary microplastics, generated by the degradation of plastic materials in the environment. Detecting these particles remains a major challenge due to the lack of a standardised protocol and their heterogeneity in both composition and morphology. Notable approaches include thermal techniques such as pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry, spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR or Raman, and microscopy-based techniques such as fluorescence microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, reported microplastic levels in seafood vary widely due to differences in sampling locations and analytical techniques. Most particles are concentrated in the gastrointestinal contents of molluscs, crustaceans and fishes, but evidence of their presence in muscle tissue has also been reported, suggesting the potential for translocation of these contaminants. As a result of ingestion, harmful effects may occur, including inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity and alterations of the gut microbiota.
Direction
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Phytoremediation as a method for the elimination of pharmaceutical waste in the enviroment
Authorship
R.R.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
R.R.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Pharmaceutical contaminants are gaining relevance as an emerging environmental problem due to their presence in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the increase in their consumption in recent decades. In addition, conventional removal methods, such as wastewater treatment plants, are not fully effective in eliminating these compounds, which promotes their continuous release into the environment. In this context, phytoremediation emerges as a sustainable strategy based on the use of plants to absorb, transform, or immobilize contamiants. This work analyses the current issues associated with this type of contaminant, describes the main phytoremediation approaches, and examines the dynamics of pharmaceuticals within plant tissues. Furthermore, different strategies aimed at improving and enhancing the efficiency of this emerging technique are reviewed. Finally, the main existing studies on the phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals are presented, and their limitations and future prospects are discussed.
Pharmaceutical contaminants are gaining relevance as an emerging environmental problem due to their presence in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the increase in their consumption in recent decades. In addition, conventional removal methods, such as wastewater treatment plants, are not fully effective in eliminating these compounds, which promotes their continuous release into the environment. In this context, phytoremediation emerges as a sustainable strategy based on the use of plants to absorb, transform, or immobilize contamiants. This work analyses the current issues associated with this type of contaminant, describes the main phytoremediation approaches, and examines the dynamics of pharmaceuticals within plant tissues. Furthermore, different strategies aimed at improving and enhancing the efficiency of this emerging technique are reviewed. Finally, the main existing studies on the phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals are presented, and their limitations and future prospects are discussed.
Direction
CARRILLO BARRAL, NESTOR (Tutorships)
CARRILLO BARRAL, NESTOR (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Antiretroviral therapy and future perspectives.
Authorship
J.R.T.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.R.T.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
The human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which attacks the immune system by the destruction of white blood cells, specifically CD4+ lymphocytes. This provokes the debilitation of the immune system, increasing the susceptibility of acquiring other infections or diseases, such as cancer. Once the virus advances untreated, the body enters in a state of severe immunodeficiency, giving way to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most severe stage of the infection. Currently the antiretroviral treatment (TAR) is used to stop the multiplication of the virus, reducing the charge of the HIV in the blood, making it difficult to detect with the standard tests, and obtain the recuperation of the immune system. Two or three drugs are used to avoid viral resistance, including an integrase inhibitor of second generation (INI), such as Dolutegravir, combined with another antiretroviral drugs, like Lamivudina. New therapies and approaches are currently being investigated, to obtain higher efficacy, avoid secondary side-effects, and improve the adherence to treatment. Among these, there are long-term treatments and capsid inhibitors. Functional cure strategies are also being studied.
The human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which attacks the immune system by the destruction of white blood cells, specifically CD4+ lymphocytes. This provokes the debilitation of the immune system, increasing the susceptibility of acquiring other infections or diseases, such as cancer. Once the virus advances untreated, the body enters in a state of severe immunodeficiency, giving way to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most severe stage of the infection. Currently the antiretroviral treatment (TAR) is used to stop the multiplication of the virus, reducing the charge of the HIV in the blood, making it difficult to detect with the standard tests, and obtain the recuperation of the immune system. Two or three drugs are used to avoid viral resistance, including an integrase inhibitor of second generation (INI), such as Dolutegravir, combined with another antiretroviral drugs, like Lamivudina. New therapies and approaches are currently being investigated, to obtain higher efficacy, avoid secondary side-effects, and improve the adherence to treatment. Among these, there are long-term treatments and capsid inhibitors. Functional cure strategies are also being studied.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Plant-Based Meat Analogues: Protein Quality and Nutritional Value
Authorship
P.R.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.R.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Growing interest in more sustainable dietary patterns and in reducing meat consumption has promoted the development of plant-based meat analogues designed to reproduce the sensory and nutritional properties of animal meat. The aim of this Final Degree Project was to conduct a bibliographic review in order to critically analyse the nutritional value and protein quality of these products in comparison with animal meat, with particular attention to protein content, essential amino acid profile, and micronutrients of nutritional relevance. A narrative review of scientific publications and specialised databases from 2018 to 2026 was carried out. Products based on soy, wheat gluten, pea protein, mycoprotein, and mixtures of legumes and cereals were evaluated, analysing macronutrients, sodium, fibre, and micronutrients, as well as protein quality through the PDCAAS and DIAAS indexes. The results reveal high nutritional variability among products. Many of them reach protein levels similar to those of meat, although with lower quality due to the presence of limiting amino acids and reduced digestibility. Positive aspects include a lower content of saturated fats and a relevant contribution of dietary fibre. However, important limitations were identified, particularly the high sodium content and the lower bioavailability of key micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. It is concluded that plant-based meat analogues can be incorporated into a balanced diet, but they do not always constitute nutritionally equivalent substitutes for animal meat. Their suitability depends on the specific formulation of each product, its combination with other foods, and the implementation of fortification strategies and improvements in the protein profile.
Growing interest in more sustainable dietary patterns and in reducing meat consumption has promoted the development of plant-based meat analogues designed to reproduce the sensory and nutritional properties of animal meat. The aim of this Final Degree Project was to conduct a bibliographic review in order to critically analyse the nutritional value and protein quality of these products in comparison with animal meat, with particular attention to protein content, essential amino acid profile, and micronutrients of nutritional relevance. A narrative review of scientific publications and specialised databases from 2018 to 2026 was carried out. Products based on soy, wheat gluten, pea protein, mycoprotein, and mixtures of legumes and cereals were evaluated, analysing macronutrients, sodium, fibre, and micronutrients, as well as protein quality through the PDCAAS and DIAAS indexes. The results reveal high nutritional variability among products. Many of them reach protein levels similar to those of meat, although with lower quality due to the presence of limiting amino acids and reduced digestibility. Positive aspects include a lower content of saturated fats and a relevant contribution of dietary fibre. However, important limitations were identified, particularly the high sodium content and the lower bioavailability of key micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. It is concluded that plant-based meat analogues can be incorporated into a balanced diet, but they do not always constitute nutritionally equivalent substitutes for animal meat. Their suitability depends on the specific formulation of each product, its combination with other foods, and the implementation of fortification strategies and improvements in the protein profile.
Direction
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
SENDON GARCIA, RAQUEL (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Evolution and associated variables in the consumption of anxiolytics and antipsychotics in Galicia (2020_2024)
Authorship
L.R.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.R.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
This Work analyzes the use of anxiolytics and antipsychotics in Galician municipalities between 2020 and 2024, examining their temporal evolution and their relationship with demographic, socioeconomic, and territorial variables, with the aim of assessing whether any of these factors influence medications. Official consumption data expressed as defined daily doses per inhabitant were used, and descriptive and comparative analyses, and statistical models were conducted to evaluate associations with different social determinants. Anxiolytics show high and stable consumption with marked territorial heterogeneity, associated with factors such as population ageing and unemployment. Their temporal evolution reflects a slight increase in 2021, probably linked to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a slight decline. In contrast, antipsychotics present lower and more homogeneous consumption, with a slight upward trend and a weaker dependence on socioeconomic variables, suggesting a more structured prescribing pattern based on clinical criteria. In summary, this study highlights the existence of differentiated dynamics in the consumption of theses pharmacological groups, underscoring the importance of considering the demographic and social context when analyzing patterns of psychotropic drug use.
This Work analyzes the use of anxiolytics and antipsychotics in Galician municipalities between 2020 and 2024, examining their temporal evolution and their relationship with demographic, socioeconomic, and territorial variables, with the aim of assessing whether any of these factors influence medications. Official consumption data expressed as defined daily doses per inhabitant were used, and descriptive and comparative analyses, and statistical models were conducted to evaluate associations with different social determinants. Anxiolytics show high and stable consumption with marked territorial heterogeneity, associated with factors such as population ageing and unemployment. Their temporal evolution reflects a slight increase in 2021, probably linked to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a slight decline. In contrast, antipsychotics present lower and more homogeneous consumption, with a slight upward trend and a weaker dependence on socioeconomic variables, suggesting a more structured prescribing pattern based on clinical criteria. In summary, this study highlights the existence of differentiated dynamics in the consumption of theses pharmacological groups, underscoring the importance of considering the demographic and social context when analyzing patterns of psychotropic drug use.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Efficacy of GLP-1 agonists in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authorship
E.S.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
E.S.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and multifactorial endocrine metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The conventional therapeutic approach is only symptomatic, failing to address the syndrome’s multifaceted manifestations, which generates the need to look for alternatives that allow a more comprehensive treatment of the pathology. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of GLP-1 receptor analogues (GLP-1-RA) across the different manifestations of PCOS. The results indicate that these drugs significantly reduce the levels of free androgens by stimulating hepatic hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and regulating GnRH pulses, thereby notably improving hirsutism and acne so characteristic of this syndrome. Furthermore, these drugs restore the menstrual cycle and increase the fertility rate. At a metabolic level, they excel in their ability to decrease visceral adiposity, improve insulin resistance, and reduce chronic inflammation, surpassing the efficacy of traditional therapies. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs represent an advance in PCOS management by acting synergistically on multiple targets, positioning themselves as a good therapeutic option, although they require long-term studies to validate their efficacy in clinical practice.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and multifactorial endocrine metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The conventional therapeutic approach is only symptomatic, failing to address the syndrome’s multifaceted manifestations, which generates the need to look for alternatives that allow a more comprehensive treatment of the pathology. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of GLP-1 receptor analogues (GLP-1-RA) across the different manifestations of PCOS. The results indicate that these drugs significantly reduce the levels of free androgens by stimulating hepatic hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and regulating GnRH pulses, thereby notably improving hirsutism and acne so characteristic of this syndrome. Furthermore, these drugs restore the menstrual cycle and increase the fertility rate. At a metabolic level, they excel in their ability to decrease visceral adiposity, improve insulin resistance, and reduce chronic inflammation, surpassing the efficacy of traditional therapies. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs represent an advance in PCOS management by acting synergistically on multiple targets, positioning themselves as a good therapeutic option, although they require long-term studies to validate their efficacy in clinical practice.
Direction
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Nanoparticles for the controlled and targeted delivery of antitumor agents
Authorship
T.S.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
T.S.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 11:00
02.19.2026 11:00
Summary
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and, despite therapeutic advances, conventional treatments such as chemotherapy still present significant limitations due to their low selectivity and high toxicity to healthy tissues. In this context, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising alternative to improve the efficacy and safety of antitumor therapies. This Final Degree Dissertation analyzes the use of nanoparticles as controlled and targeted delivery systems for antitumor drugs. The main transport strategies are reviewed, including passive and active targeting, as well as stimulus-responsive delivery systems activated by internal or external triggers, which allow increased treatment selectivity and reduced systemic toxicity. The project focuses on the study of organic, inorganic, and carbon-based nanoparticles for cancer therapy, evaluating their characteristics, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications. Attention is given to organic nanoparticles, due to their more advanced clinical development and their ability to improve biodistribution and reduce the adverse effects of standard treatment. Overall, the project highlights the great potential of nanoparticles in cancer treatment, showing more favorable outcomes than conventional therapies in clinically relevant parameters such as tumor reduction and increased survival time. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the need for further research to overcome the limitations that still hinder widespread clinical implementation, including issues related to safety, biodistribution, and large-scale clinical validation.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and, despite therapeutic advances, conventional treatments such as chemotherapy still present significant limitations due to their low selectivity and high toxicity to healthy tissues. In this context, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising alternative to improve the efficacy and safety of antitumor therapies. This Final Degree Dissertation analyzes the use of nanoparticles as controlled and targeted delivery systems for antitumor drugs. The main transport strategies are reviewed, including passive and active targeting, as well as stimulus-responsive delivery systems activated by internal or external triggers, which allow increased treatment selectivity and reduced systemic toxicity. The project focuses on the study of organic, inorganic, and carbon-based nanoparticles for cancer therapy, evaluating their characteristics, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications. Attention is given to organic nanoparticles, due to their more advanced clinical development and their ability to improve biodistribution and reduce the adverse effects of standard treatment. Overall, the project highlights the great potential of nanoparticles in cancer treatment, showing more favorable outcomes than conventional therapies in clinically relevant parameters such as tumor reduction and increased survival time. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the need for further research to overcome the limitations that still hinder widespread clinical implementation, including issues related to safety, biodistribution, and large-scale clinical validation.
Direction
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Multi-target directed ligands in the treatment of Alzheimer´s disease
Authorship
A.S.N.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.S.N.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology in whose pathophysiology processes such as the accumulation of the B-amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation simultaneously intervene. This complexity has limited the efficacy of currently approved treatments, which are mostly directed at a single therapeutic target and have a fundamentally symptomatic effect. Multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) have emerged as an alternative therapeutic strategy aimed at simultaneously modulating several pathological mechanisms. In the present literature review, the results obtained show that numerous MTDLs exhibit promising preclinical profiles by integrating activities such as the inhibition of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases, reduction of B-amyloid peptide aggregation, and antioxidant activity. Their clinical translation continues to be a challenge due to the complexity of their design, difficulties in pharmacokinetic and toxicological evaluation, and the absence of specific regulatory guidelines. MTDLs constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease, although their successful clinical development will require further optimization of design and evaluation criteria.
Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology in whose pathophysiology processes such as the accumulation of the B-amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation simultaneously intervene. This complexity has limited the efficacy of currently approved treatments, which are mostly directed at a single therapeutic target and have a fundamentally symptomatic effect. Multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) have emerged as an alternative therapeutic strategy aimed at simultaneously modulating several pathological mechanisms. In the present literature review, the results obtained show that numerous MTDLs exhibit promising preclinical profiles by integrating activities such as the inhibition of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases, reduction of B-amyloid peptide aggregation, and antioxidant activity. Their clinical translation continues to be a challenge due to the complexity of their design, difficulties in pharmacokinetic and toxicological evaluation, and the absence of specific regulatory guidelines. MTDLs constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease, although their successful clinical development will require further optimization of design and evaluation criteria.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Development of lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of skin infections
Authorship
L.T.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.T.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
The skin is a fundamental organ that acts as a protective barrier against infectious agents. Among bacterial skin infections, those caused by Staphylococcus aureus represent a significant public health problem, especially those caused by methicillinresistant strains (MRSA), which are associated with higher mortality rates. In this context, the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as nanoparticulate systems capable of encapsulating antibiotics for local administration, is of great interest. The objective of this study is to develop a Nano-in-Gel platform based on nanostructured lipid nanoparticles (NLC) loaded with Rifabutin and incorporated into gelatin hydrogels, intended for the topical administration of antimicrobial agents. The NLC were prepared by high-shear homogenization and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, and surface charge. They were then incorporated into gelatin hydrogels cross-linked with genipin. The nanoparticles released from the gels and the cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts in contact with the systems were evaluated using cell proliferation and live/dead staining assays. The results showed that the NLCs had a nanometric size, homogeneous distribution, and high colloidal stability. The hydrogels showed adequate biocompatibility, with cell viability values above 70%. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed Nano-in-gel platform is a promising strategy for the topical administration of Rifabutin in the treatment of skin infections.
The skin is a fundamental organ that acts as a protective barrier against infectious agents. Among bacterial skin infections, those caused by Staphylococcus aureus represent a significant public health problem, especially those caused by methicillinresistant strains (MRSA), which are associated with higher mortality rates. In this context, the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as nanoparticulate systems capable of encapsulating antibiotics for local administration, is of great interest. The objective of this study is to develop a Nano-in-Gel platform based on nanostructured lipid nanoparticles (NLC) loaded with Rifabutin and incorporated into gelatin hydrogels, intended for the topical administration of antimicrobial agents. The NLC were prepared by high-shear homogenization and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, and surface charge. They were then incorporated into gelatin hydrogels cross-linked with genipin. The nanoparticles released from the gels and the cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts in contact with the systems were evaluated using cell proliferation and live/dead staining assays. The results showed that the NLCs had a nanometric size, homogeneous distribution, and high colloidal stability. The hydrogels showed adequate biocompatibility, with cell viability values above 70%. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed Nano-in-gel platform is a promising strategy for the topical administration of Rifabutin in the treatment of skin infections.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Endurance running. Physiological adaptations and mortality risk
Authorship
C.T.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.T.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 09:00
02.19.2026 09:00
Summary
Running has become increasingly popular among all population groups. Participation in popular races has risen, especially in those that face the half marathon or longer dis-tances. Although sport has positive effects on the entire population, these events cause an acute stress response in the body. Repeated exposure to this situation may lead to adverse effects. This review seeks to establish the different outcomes, positive and nega-tive, this discipline may have on human physiology, focusing on the body systems most related to sport: the cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, immune and neurolog-ical systems. Most physiological alterations during and following the race are temporary, returning to baseline levels within two weeks, but there are some adaptive occurring dur-ing training, especially those related to the efficient oxygen use. Although the entire body is susceptible to adverse events, cardiorespiratory arrest and sudden death are the most concerning events during half marathon or marathon races. The affinity between the metabolic demands between the half marathon and marathon allows for a joint analysis of runners’ physiological characteristics.
Running has become increasingly popular among all population groups. Participation in popular races has risen, especially in those that face the half marathon or longer dis-tances. Although sport has positive effects on the entire population, these events cause an acute stress response in the body. Repeated exposure to this situation may lead to adverse effects. This review seeks to establish the different outcomes, positive and nega-tive, this discipline may have on human physiology, focusing on the body systems most related to sport: the cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, immune and neurolog-ical systems. Most physiological alterations during and following the race are temporary, returning to baseline levels within two weeks, but there are some adaptive occurring dur-ing training, especially those related to the efficient oxygen use. Although the entire body is susceptible to adverse events, cardiorespiratory arrest and sudden death are the most concerning events during half marathon or marathon races. The affinity between the metabolic demands between the half marathon and marathon allows for a joint analysis of runners’ physiological characteristics.
Direction
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Tutorships)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Influence of gemini surfactants on lipid membranes: spacer group effect
Authorship
L.F.U.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.F.U.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
This Bachelor’s and Master’s Thesis explores the influence of gemini surfactants on lipid membrane models, with a particular focus on the role of the spacer group in determining molecular structure and interfacial behavior. The surfactants GS12 and GS20, featuring spacers of 12 and 20 carbon atoms respectively, were studied using Langmuir monolayer compression techniques at the air/water interface, employing DPPC and DPPC/cholesterol-based membrane models. Through pressure-A isotherm analysis and surface compressibility modulus calculations, it was found that spacer length and flexibility significantly affect molecular orientation, resistance to compression, and interactions with membrane lipids. The results demonstrate that gemini surfactants substantially alter the structure and fluidity of lipid monolayers, particularly in the presence of cholesterol, which acts as a modulator of membrane rigidity and molecular packing. Additionally, excess functions were calculated to assess the thermodynamic nature of the interactions, revealing condensation or expansion behaviors depending on the monolayer composition. This research lies within the field of colloid and interface physical chemistry and supports the rational design of novel excipients for advanced pharmaceutical formulations, with promising applications in controlled drug delivery systems and gene therapy.
This Bachelor’s and Master’s Thesis explores the influence of gemini surfactants on lipid membrane models, with a particular focus on the role of the spacer group in determining molecular structure and interfacial behavior. The surfactants GS12 and GS20, featuring spacers of 12 and 20 carbon atoms respectively, were studied using Langmuir monolayer compression techniques at the air/water interface, employing DPPC and DPPC/cholesterol-based membrane models. Through pressure-A isotherm analysis and surface compressibility modulus calculations, it was found that spacer length and flexibility significantly affect molecular orientation, resistance to compression, and interactions with membrane lipids. The results demonstrate that gemini surfactants substantially alter the structure and fluidity of lipid monolayers, particularly in the presence of cholesterol, which acts as a modulator of membrane rigidity and molecular packing. Additionally, excess functions were calculated to assess the thermodynamic nature of the interactions, revealing condensation or expansion behaviors depending on the monolayer composition. This research lies within the field of colloid and interface physical chemistry and supports the rational design of novel excipients for advanced pharmaceutical formulations, with promising applications in controlled drug delivery systems and gene therapy.
Direction
CASAS PARADA, MATILDE (Tutorships)
CASAS PARADA, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
LOPEZ MAYAN, JUAN JOSE (Secretary)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Member)
Cross-Protection and Gonorrhea Prevention: the role of the 4CMenB Vaccine
Authorship
P.V.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.V.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, constitutes a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence, frequent asymptomatic presentation, and the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These factors hinder early diagnosis and compromise the effectiveness of available treatments, facilitating sustained transmission and the development of clinical complications. In recent years, the rising number of cases observed in several European countries highlights the need to strengthen prevention strategies beyond disease treatment. The development of an effective vaccine against N. gonorrhoeae has been limited by the pathogen’s high antigenic variability and immune evasion mechanisms. However, the close phylogenetic relationship between N. gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis has allowed the observation of some cross-protection. In particular, the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB), based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), has shown partial protection against gonorrhea, associated with the recognition of conserved antigens shared by both pathogens. Although the effectiveness of 4CMenB against gonorrhea is moderate and of limited duration, its well-established safety profile and inclusion in the pediatric vaccination schedule make it a potentially useful tool as a complementary public health measure. Targeted vaccination strategies directed at higher-risk populations could help reduce infection incidence and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, while research continues on the development of vaccines specifically designed against gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, constitutes a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence, frequent asymptomatic presentation, and the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These factors hinder early diagnosis and compromise the effectiveness of available treatments, facilitating sustained transmission and the development of clinical complications. In recent years, the rising number of cases observed in several European countries highlights the need to strengthen prevention strategies beyond disease treatment. The development of an effective vaccine against N. gonorrhoeae has been limited by the pathogen’s high antigenic variability and immune evasion mechanisms. However, the close phylogenetic relationship between N. gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis has allowed the observation of some cross-protection. In particular, the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB), based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), has shown partial protection against gonorrhea, associated with the recognition of conserved antigens shared by both pathogens. Although the effectiveness of 4CMenB against gonorrhea is moderate and of limited duration, its well-established safety profile and inclusion in the pediatric vaccination schedule make it a potentially useful tool as a complementary public health measure. Targeted vaccination strategies directed at higher-risk populations could help reduce infection incidence and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, while research continues on the development of vaccines specifically designed against gonorrhea.
Direction
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Bacterial Vaginosis. Etiology, treatment and new therapeutic approaches
Authorship
M.Y.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.Y.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
02.19.2026 10:00
02.19.2026 10:00
Summary
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common alteration of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age, characterized by the loss of lactic acid producing lactobacilli and the proliferation of anaerobic microorganisms associated with vaginal dysbiosis. Its high prevalence, frequent recurrence and association with obstetric, gynecological and infectious complications make BV a clinically relevant condition. This literature review analyzes the etiology of BV from an updated perspective, with special emphasis on the role of polymicrobial biofilms dominated by Gardnerella spp. and on the synergistic interactions among the various microorganisms involved. In addition, the effectiveness of conventional treatments, mainly antibiotic therapy, as well as complementary therapies and emerging therapeutic approaches is evaluated. In this context, the role of bacteriophages as modulators of the vaginal microbiota is discussed, considering recent evidence of their involvement in dysbiosis and therapeutic failure. Overall, this analysis conducted provides a critical and integrative overview of BV, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at restoring vaginal eubiosis and preventing disease recurrence.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common alteration of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age, characterized by the loss of lactic acid producing lactobacilli and the proliferation of anaerobic microorganisms associated with vaginal dysbiosis. Its high prevalence, frequent recurrence and association with obstetric, gynecological and infectious complications make BV a clinically relevant condition. This literature review analyzes the etiology of BV from an updated perspective, with special emphasis on the role of polymicrobial biofilms dominated by Gardnerella spp. and on the synergistic interactions among the various microorganisms involved. In addition, the effectiveness of conventional treatments, mainly antibiotic therapy, as well as complementary therapies and emerging therapeutic approaches is evaluated. In this context, the role of bacteriophages as modulators of the vaginal microbiota is discussed, considering recent evidence of their involvement in dysbiosis and therapeutic failure. Overall, this analysis conducted provides a critical and integrative overview of BV, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at restoring vaginal eubiosis and preventing disease recurrence.
Direction
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)