Evaluation of Analytical Techniques and Biomarkers for Detecting Mycotoxin Exposure in Swine
Authorship
A.B.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.B.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
This review examines the main analytical techniques for detecting and assessing mycotoxin exposure in swine, with special emphasis on biomarker-based methods. It provides a detailed analysis of chromatographic techniques such as LC-MS/MS, which enable the quantification of mycotoxins and their metabolites in biological matrices with high sensitivity, highlighting their application in both targeted and non-targeted studies. Simultaneously, it explores omics approaches including microarrays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify molecular patterns of exposure, with particular attention to the potential of circulating miRNAs as early and noninvasive biomarkers. Complementary methodologies, such as gut microbiota analysis, are also considered. While mass spectrometry techniques remain the gold standard, the research underscores the emerging value of integrated multi-omics approaches for more comprehensive toxicological monitoring in swine production systems.
This review examines the main analytical techniques for detecting and assessing mycotoxin exposure in swine, with special emphasis on biomarker-based methods. It provides a detailed analysis of chromatographic techniques such as LC-MS/MS, which enable the quantification of mycotoxins and their metabolites in biological matrices with high sensitivity, highlighting their application in both targeted and non-targeted studies. Simultaneously, it explores omics approaches including microarrays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify molecular patterns of exposure, with particular attention to the potential of circulating miRNAs as early and noninvasive biomarkers. Complementary methodologies, such as gut microbiota analysis, are also considered. While mass spectrometry techniques remain the gold standard, the research underscores the emerging value of integrated multi-omics approaches for more comprehensive toxicological monitoring in swine production systems.
Direction
VILARIÑO DEL RIO, NATALIA (Tutorships)
Lolo Aira, Soraya (Co-tutorships)
VILARIÑO DEL RIO, NATALIA (Tutorships)
Lolo Aira, Soraya (Co-tutorships)
Court
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Anesthesia and perioperative management of wild carnivores: brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus) and European badger (Meles meles).
Authorship
A.B.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.B.B.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
Anesthesia and sedation in wildlife are essential tools for the study, management, and conservation of species, as well as for resolving human wildlife conflicts. This Final Degree Project conducts a comprehensive literature review on the anesthetic management of three carnivore species present in the Iberian Peninsula: the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the grey wolf (Canis lupus), and the European badger (Meles meles). The work examines the physiological and behavioral particularities of each species that influence the selection of anesthetic protocols, as well as the specific considerations for field immobilization, including prior planning, the use of portable equipment, risks to personnel, and the inherent limitations of the natural environment. It also reviews the most commonly used and recommended anesthetic protocols in the literature, with particular attention to combinations of ketamine, medetomidine, xylazine, and tiletamine zolazepam, along with their antagonists. Additionally, it describes anesthetic monitoring techniques adapted to field conditions and the main perioperative complications that may arise, such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, capture myopathy, and respiratory and cardiovascular depression, together with the most common preventive and therapeutic measures. The review compares the advantages and limitations of anesthesia performed in the field versus in a clinical setting, highlighting that the wild environment imposes constraints that favor the use of fast acting, reversible injectable drugs, while the hospital setting allows greater anesthetic control and the use of inhalational anesthetics. The main objectives are to evaluate the anesthetic particularities of each studied species, identify the safest and most effective protocols described in recent literature, and provide practical recommendations to enhance animal safety, human team safety, and intervention success. The results emphasize the importance of careful planning, individualized protocol selection based on species, animal physiological status, environment, and procedure objectives, as well as adequate monitoring and the availability of antagonists. In conclusion, wildlife anesthesia must be oriented toward minimizing stress and ensuring animal welfare, constituting a key tool for the conservation of these emblematic species of the Iberian ecosystem.
Anesthesia and sedation in wildlife are essential tools for the study, management, and conservation of species, as well as for resolving human wildlife conflicts. This Final Degree Project conducts a comprehensive literature review on the anesthetic management of three carnivore species present in the Iberian Peninsula: the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the grey wolf (Canis lupus), and the European badger (Meles meles). The work examines the physiological and behavioral particularities of each species that influence the selection of anesthetic protocols, as well as the specific considerations for field immobilization, including prior planning, the use of portable equipment, risks to personnel, and the inherent limitations of the natural environment. It also reviews the most commonly used and recommended anesthetic protocols in the literature, with particular attention to combinations of ketamine, medetomidine, xylazine, and tiletamine zolazepam, along with their antagonists. Additionally, it describes anesthetic monitoring techniques adapted to field conditions and the main perioperative complications that may arise, such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, capture myopathy, and respiratory and cardiovascular depression, together with the most common preventive and therapeutic measures. The review compares the advantages and limitations of anesthesia performed in the field versus in a clinical setting, highlighting that the wild environment imposes constraints that favor the use of fast acting, reversible injectable drugs, while the hospital setting allows greater anesthetic control and the use of inhalational anesthetics. The main objectives are to evaluate the anesthetic particularities of each studied species, identify the safest and most effective protocols described in recent literature, and provide practical recommendations to enhance animal safety, human team safety, and intervention success. The results emphasize the importance of careful planning, individualized protocol selection based on species, animal physiological status, environment, and procedure objectives, as well as adequate monitoring and the availability of antagonists. In conclusion, wildlife anesthesia must be oriented toward minimizing stress and ensuring animal welfare, constituting a key tool for the conservation of these emblematic species of the Iberian ecosystem.
Direction
LOPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
LOPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
New strategies for the control of Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera
Authorship
V.C.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
V.C.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 16:00
02.12.2026 16:00
Summary
The honey bee Apis mellifera is a species native to Africa that later expanded into Europe and Asia, and it exhibits a high level of organization within the colony. Its life cycle is holometabolous, and depending on the diet received during the larval stage, three castes develop, each with an anatomy specifically adapted to perform its functions within the colony: reproduction (queen and drones), feeding, and defense (workers). One of the main factors compromising the health of A. mellifera colonies is Varroa destructor, a highly specialized ectoparasitic mite that reproduces within brood cells and feeds on the bees’ fat body. This parasite causes severe physiological and immunological impairment, as it acts as a vector for pathogens such as Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), thereby accelerating colony collapse. The distribution of V. destructor is almost worldwide, facilitated by beekeeping trade and the social behavior of bees themselves. The control of Varroa destructor has traditionally relied on pharmacological treatments such as amitraz or tau-fluvalinate, which have shown high efficacy. However, their prolonged use has led to the development of resistance, drastically reducing their effectiveness, as well as to the accumulation of residues in beeswax and harmful effects within the colony. Currently, new treatment options such as organic acids are being used, offering a more sustainable alternative with a lower risk of residues and, so far, no known resistance. Nevertheless, these treatments alone are not sufficiently effective and must be combined with other measures. Zootechnical methods, including systematic monitoring, screened bottom boards, drone brood trapping, and brood management, help reduce the parasitic load but are not effective when used alone. In addition, biological control and genetic selection have shown great potential, with honey bee strains displaying enhanced hygienic behaviors or strengthened immune and antiviral responses, increasing tolerance or resistance to Varroa destructor and DWV. In this context, integrated control against Varroa destructor emerges as the most effective and sustainable strategy, combining colony management practices with organic and pharmacological treatments, together with the use of genetically adapted strains, thereby limiting mite populations and reducing resistance development and residue accumulation.
The honey bee Apis mellifera is a species native to Africa that later expanded into Europe and Asia, and it exhibits a high level of organization within the colony. Its life cycle is holometabolous, and depending on the diet received during the larval stage, three castes develop, each with an anatomy specifically adapted to perform its functions within the colony: reproduction (queen and drones), feeding, and defense (workers). One of the main factors compromising the health of A. mellifera colonies is Varroa destructor, a highly specialized ectoparasitic mite that reproduces within brood cells and feeds on the bees’ fat body. This parasite causes severe physiological and immunological impairment, as it acts as a vector for pathogens such as Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), thereby accelerating colony collapse. The distribution of V. destructor is almost worldwide, facilitated by beekeeping trade and the social behavior of bees themselves. The control of Varroa destructor has traditionally relied on pharmacological treatments such as amitraz or tau-fluvalinate, which have shown high efficacy. However, their prolonged use has led to the development of resistance, drastically reducing their effectiveness, as well as to the accumulation of residues in beeswax and harmful effects within the colony. Currently, new treatment options such as organic acids are being used, offering a more sustainable alternative with a lower risk of residues and, so far, no known resistance. Nevertheless, these treatments alone are not sufficiently effective and must be combined with other measures. Zootechnical methods, including systematic monitoring, screened bottom boards, drone brood trapping, and brood management, help reduce the parasitic load but are not effective when used alone. In addition, biological control and genetic selection have shown great potential, with honey bee strains displaying enhanced hygienic behaviors or strengthened immune and antiviral responses, increasing tolerance or resistance to Varroa destructor and DWV. In this context, integrated control against Varroa destructor emerges as the most effective and sustainable strategy, combining colony management practices with organic and pharmacological treatments, together with the use of genetically adapted strains, thereby limiting mite populations and reducing resistance development and residue accumulation.
Direction
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Tutorships)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Tutorships)
Court
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Domestic animal species as sentinels of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV).
Authorship
A.G.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.G.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 16:00
02.12.2026 16:00
Summary
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of an emerging zoonosis of significant importance in Europe and Asia. It is primarily transmitted through the bites of ticks from the genus Ixodes, with I. ricinus being the most relevant vector in Europe. In humans, the infection can occur with severe neurological manifestations such as meningoencephalitis or myelitis, whereas in domestic animals, the infection is usually subclinical. TBEV poses a public health threat due to foodborne transmission through the consumption of raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals. In Spain, although seroprevalence in domestic animals is generally low, there is evidence of virus circulation in several regions with favorable climatic conditions for vector’s survival and dispersal. However, the lack of studies increases the risk of underestimating it. This factor, combined with environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic factors, including the effects of climate change, reinforces the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance programs. This study presents a systematic review of seroprevalence in animals, highlighting their role as sentinels. Cattle stand out for their epidemiological role, their close contact with the vector, and their ability to maintain antibodies following infection. The literature review revealed low circulation in Spain, underlining the importance of using viral neutralization tests to minimize cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. The use of animals as sentinels, combined with the adoption of tick control measures and the implementation of preventive actions in the food chain, such as milk pasteurization, are crucial to reducing the impact of TBEV on public health and improving response capacity regarding its potential expansion into areas where human cases have not yet been detected, such as northern Spain.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of an emerging zoonosis of significant importance in Europe and Asia. It is primarily transmitted through the bites of ticks from the genus Ixodes, with I. ricinus being the most relevant vector in Europe. In humans, the infection can occur with severe neurological manifestations such as meningoencephalitis or myelitis, whereas in domestic animals, the infection is usually subclinical. TBEV poses a public health threat due to foodborne transmission through the consumption of raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals. In Spain, although seroprevalence in domestic animals is generally low, there is evidence of virus circulation in several regions with favorable climatic conditions for vector’s survival and dispersal. However, the lack of studies increases the risk of underestimating it. This factor, combined with environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic factors, including the effects of climate change, reinforces the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance programs. This study presents a systematic review of seroprevalence in animals, highlighting their role as sentinels. Cattle stand out for their epidemiological role, their close contact with the vector, and their ability to maintain antibodies following infection. The literature review revealed low circulation in Spain, underlining the importance of using viral neutralization tests to minimize cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. The use of animals as sentinels, combined with the adoption of tick control measures and the implementation of preventive actions in the food chain, such as milk pasteurization, are crucial to reducing the impact of TBEV on public health and improving response capacity regarding its potential expansion into areas where human cases have not yet been detected, such as northern Spain.
Direction
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
ABREU RAMOS, INES ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
ABREU RAMOS, INES ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Comparative study of the thyroid gland in hubara
Authorship
N.T.H.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
N.T.H.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 16:00
02.12.2026 16:00
Summary
The thyroid is a bilobed endocrine gland. It is located on both sides of the trachea, near the base of the neck, and in association with the common carotid artery at the entrance of the thorax. In birds, its histological structure is similar as that of mammals, consisting of follicles surrounded by a single layer of epithelial cells contained by a basal membrane, which secrete and store thyroid hormones. These hormones directly influence the metabolism of other hormones, regulating metabolism, reproduction, and moulting in birds. Therefore, it participates in synchronizing reproductive cycles with the seasons and in modulating energy and behaviour necessary for long migrations. Currently, there is little research on its description and physiological importance in houbara; therefore, this work will focus on the macroscopic and histological study of the thyroid in the Asian houbara, and its anatomical relationships with other adjacent glands. To this end, an experimental study will be conducted comparing certain parameters in a total of fifty-seven samples of Asian houbara, divided into different groups (age and sex).
The thyroid is a bilobed endocrine gland. It is located on both sides of the trachea, near the base of the neck, and in association with the common carotid artery at the entrance of the thorax. In birds, its histological structure is similar as that of mammals, consisting of follicles surrounded by a single layer of epithelial cells contained by a basal membrane, which secrete and store thyroid hormones. These hormones directly influence the metabolism of other hormones, regulating metabolism, reproduction, and moulting in birds. Therefore, it participates in synchronizing reproductive cycles with the seasons and in modulating energy and behaviour necessary for long migrations. Currently, there is little research on its description and physiological importance in houbara; therefore, this work will focus on the macroscopic and histological study of the thyroid in the Asian houbara, and its anatomical relationships with other adjacent glands. To this end, an experimental study will be conducted comparing certain parameters in a total of fifty-seven samples of Asian houbara, divided into different groups (age and sex).
Direction
MIÑO FARIÑA, NATALIA (Tutorships)
Carrasco Muñoz, Mar (Co-tutorships)
MIÑO FARIÑA, NATALIA (Tutorships)
Carrasco Muñoz, Mar (Co-tutorships)
Court
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Endometritis in the mare: updated review.
Authorship
P.M.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.M.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 16:00
02.12.2026 16:00
Summary
In Spain, the equine sector is an activity of great economic and social importance, in which reproductive efficiency is essential to ensure the profitability of breeding farms. However, this efficiency can be compromised by the onset of reproductive tract disorders in females, notably endometritis, which is considered one of the most common reproductive diseases and one of the main causes of subfertility in mares. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium and can be infectious or non-infectious, as well as clinical or subclinical, which makes it difficult to detect, diagnose and manage, and has a negative impact on conception rates and early embryonic viability. This Final Degree Project reviews equine endometritis, including its aetiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. After mating or insemination, the mare's uterus exhibits a physiological inflammatory response to eliminate seminal debris and possible contaminants. If this inflammation is not resolved, it can persist and facilitate colonisation by opportunistic bacteria, such as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Escherichia coli, and to a lesser extent by fungi. The disease depends on the interaction between post-mating inflammation, microbial virulence, biofilm formation and an altered uterine immune response, and is favoured by predisposing factors such as advanced age, multiparity, anatomical abnormalities and low uterine clearance capacity. A high percentage of mares have subclinical forms of the disease. Therefore, the diagnosis of endometritis requires a combined approach, including examination, transrectal ultrasound, endometrial cytology, microbiological culture, and endometrial biopsy. In this context, recent contributions from the study of the endometrial microbiome have advanced our understanding of uterine homeostasis and the dysbiosis associated with the disease, offering new perspectives for improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding more specific treatments. Treatment should be based on an accurate and individualised diagnosis, combining uterine lavage, ecbolising agents and antibiotic therapy targeted according to culture and antibiogram. Irrational use of antimicrobials will lead to resistance, so prevention and early identification of susceptible mares is key to reducing the incidence of endometritis and optimising reproductive efficiency in the equine sector.
In Spain, the equine sector is an activity of great economic and social importance, in which reproductive efficiency is essential to ensure the profitability of breeding farms. However, this efficiency can be compromised by the onset of reproductive tract disorders in females, notably endometritis, which is considered one of the most common reproductive diseases and one of the main causes of subfertility in mares. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium and can be infectious or non-infectious, as well as clinical or subclinical, which makes it difficult to detect, diagnose and manage, and has a negative impact on conception rates and early embryonic viability. This Final Degree Project reviews equine endometritis, including its aetiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. After mating or insemination, the mare's uterus exhibits a physiological inflammatory response to eliminate seminal debris and possible contaminants. If this inflammation is not resolved, it can persist and facilitate colonisation by opportunistic bacteria, such as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Escherichia coli, and to a lesser extent by fungi. The disease depends on the interaction between post-mating inflammation, microbial virulence, biofilm formation and an altered uterine immune response, and is favoured by predisposing factors such as advanced age, multiparity, anatomical abnormalities and low uterine clearance capacity. A high percentage of mares have subclinical forms of the disease. Therefore, the diagnosis of endometritis requires a combined approach, including examination, transrectal ultrasound, endometrial cytology, microbiological culture, and endometrial biopsy. In this context, recent contributions from the study of the endometrial microbiome have advanced our understanding of uterine homeostasis and the dysbiosis associated with the disease, offering new perspectives for improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding more specific treatments. Treatment should be based on an accurate and individualised diagnosis, combining uterine lavage, ecbolising agents and antibiotic therapy targeted according to culture and antibiogram. Irrational use of antimicrobials will lead to resistance, so prevention and early identification of susceptible mares is key to reducing the incidence of endometritis and optimising reproductive efficiency in the equine sector.
Direction
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Tutorships)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Tutorships)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
AMARO GONZALEZ, RAFAELA MARIA (Chairman)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ CASALTA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Member)
Animal welfare in elasmobranchs in exhibition aquariums
Authorship
A.M.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.F.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 09:30
02.12.2026 09:30
Summary
Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. Due to their slow-paced life cycle and anthropogenic threats, they have become a highly vulnerable group, with more than a third of species currently threatened. Given the difficulty of studying them in the wild, aquariums have emerged as vital centers for their study and conservation. However, maintaining elasmobranchs in captivity presents significant challenges due to their large size, the extreme habitats from which they originate, and the necessity of constant movement to breathe and maintain buoyancy. These particularities, coupled with a lack of knowledge regarding their biology and requirements, complicate the assessment of their welfare. Addressing this challenge, the present work aims to gather and analyze the available scientific information on elasmobranch animal welfare, establishing a theoretical framework for its subsequent practical application in public aquariums. To overcome these limitations and ensure the physical and mental health of the species they house, aquariums apply advanced welfare models, such as the Five Domains Model. This model focuses on creating conditions that allow animals to thrive in controlled environments and assesses welfare holistically by linking the four physical and functional domains (nutrition, physical environment, health, and behavioral interactions) with a fifth mental domain (mental state). Under this approach, the model optimizes nutritional management in aquariums, ensuring that diets are appropriate for each species, and highlights the influence of various artificial environment parameters on the behavior and health of individuals. In captive animals, it is also essential to adopt preventive medicine programs and employ diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to prevent pathologies, thereby ensuring an optimal quality of life. Furthermore, this model prioritizes behavioral welfare through positive interactions and environmental enrichment, utilizing specific stress biomarkers to evaluate mental states. This comprehensive approach is decisive in mitigating abnormal behaviors, promoting positive affective states, and ensuring the viability of these species in captivity.
Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. Due to their slow-paced life cycle and anthropogenic threats, they have become a highly vulnerable group, with more than a third of species currently threatened. Given the difficulty of studying them in the wild, aquariums have emerged as vital centers for their study and conservation. However, maintaining elasmobranchs in captivity presents significant challenges due to their large size, the extreme habitats from which they originate, and the necessity of constant movement to breathe and maintain buoyancy. These particularities, coupled with a lack of knowledge regarding their biology and requirements, complicate the assessment of their welfare. Addressing this challenge, the present work aims to gather and analyze the available scientific information on elasmobranch animal welfare, establishing a theoretical framework for its subsequent practical application in public aquariums. To overcome these limitations and ensure the physical and mental health of the species they house, aquariums apply advanced welfare models, such as the Five Domains Model. This model focuses on creating conditions that allow animals to thrive in controlled environments and assesses welfare holistically by linking the four physical and functional domains (nutrition, physical environment, health, and behavioral interactions) with a fifth mental domain (mental state). Under this approach, the model optimizes nutritional management in aquariums, ensuring that diets are appropriate for each species, and highlights the influence of various artificial environment parameters on the behavior and health of individuals. In captive animals, it is also essential to adopt preventive medicine programs and employ diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to prevent pathologies, thereby ensuring an optimal quality of life. Furthermore, this model prioritizes behavioral welfare through positive interactions and environmental enrichment, utilizing specific stress biomarkers to evaluate mental states. This comprehensive approach is decisive in mitigating abnormal behaviors, promoting positive affective states, and ensuring the viability of these species in captivity.
Direction
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
Castro García, Noelia de (Co-tutorships)
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
Castro García, Noelia de (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Reference intervals for serum macro- and microminerals in horses from northwestern Spain.
Authorship
L.M.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.M.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 09:30
02.12.2026 09:30
Summary
Objectives: To establish reference intervals (RIs) for 14 serum minerals (6 macrominerals and 8 microminerals) in a population of healthy horses from northwestern Spain using high-precision techniques, and to evaluate the impact of intrinsic (age, sex, breed) and extrinsic (diet) factors on serum mineral status, in order to provide an accurate diagnostic tool for the region. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 211 healthy horses from northwestern Spain were used for this study. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the macrominerals: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the microminerals: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co). The analysis was performed under ISO accreditation with certified reference material. Statistically, general linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the influence of age, sex, breed, and diet. Reference ranges were established using nonparametric methods according to the international criteria of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The application of the criteria in the CLSI C28-A3 guideline allowed the reference ranges for all the elements analyzed to be precisely defined. Variables such as age, sex, and breed were found to have limited relevance in mineral variability, allowing the use of global reference intervals due to the wide overlap between groups. However, diet was identified as a critical factor, especially in the case of Se; horses raised exclusively on pasture tended to have decreased serum concentrations, often falling below the lower reference threshold compared to those receiving concentrate supplementation. Conclusions: This study represents a significant scientific contribution by establishing robust and specific mineral profiles for the equine population of northwestern Spain. The data obtained not only improve diagnostic interpretation and nutritional management in veterinary clinical practice but also provide a foundation for further research on mineral metabolism and its relationship with the geographical environment.
Objectives: To establish reference intervals (RIs) for 14 serum minerals (6 macrominerals and 8 microminerals) in a population of healthy horses from northwestern Spain using high-precision techniques, and to evaluate the impact of intrinsic (age, sex, breed) and extrinsic (diet) factors on serum mineral status, in order to provide an accurate diagnostic tool for the region. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 211 healthy horses from northwestern Spain were used for this study. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the macrominerals: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the microminerals: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co). The analysis was performed under ISO accreditation with certified reference material. Statistically, general linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the influence of age, sex, breed, and diet. Reference ranges were established using nonparametric methods according to the international criteria of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The application of the criteria in the CLSI C28-A3 guideline allowed the reference ranges for all the elements analyzed to be precisely defined. Variables such as age, sex, and breed were found to have limited relevance in mineral variability, allowing the use of global reference intervals due to the wide overlap between groups. However, diet was identified as a critical factor, especially in the case of Se; horses raised exclusively on pasture tended to have decreased serum concentrations, often falling below the lower reference threshold compared to those receiving concentrate supplementation. Conclusions: This study represents a significant scientific contribution by establishing robust and specific mineral profiles for the equine population of northwestern Spain. The data obtained not only improve diagnostic interpretation and nutritional management in veterinary clinical practice but also provide a foundation for further research on mineral metabolism and its relationship with the geographical environment.
Direction
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Co-tutorships)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
An approach to the study of bovine lameness: review and analysis of a multifactorial problem in livestock production.
Authorship
E.N.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.N.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 09:30
02.12.2026 09:30
Summary
Bovine lameness represents one of the most significant sanitary, economic, and animal welfare challenges in the contemporary dairy industry, ranking as the third leading cause of economic loss, following mastitis and reproductive disorders. This compendium constitutes a comprehensive bibliographic review of the most recent scientific literature to analyze this multifactorial phenomenon from an integrated perspective. Regarding the etiopathogenesis of the lesions commonly causing this pathology, a clear distinction is made between infectious and mechanical-metabolic processes. The focus is placed on the polymicrobial nature of digital dermatitis, while also highlighting the role of the corium and the digital cushion in mechanical lesions, the integrity of which depends on the physiological status of the animal. The interaction between genetics, environment, and management stands as the primary risk factor. New genomic indices for resistance are proposed, along with the improvement of external factors such as facility design, hoof trimming protocols, and environmental hygiene; confirming that the expression of the disease is the result of a complex genotype-environment interaction. The transition toward herd-level monitoring is evaluated utilizing infrared thermography, artificial intelligence, and behavioral sensors as tools that enable early detection in subclinical stages, compared to conventional visual inspection. The implementation of prevention and control strategies from a proactive approach is fundamental. Protocols such as strategic functional hoof trimming, individualized risk management models, and the use of footbaths are validated, aiming to provide alternatives that contribute to the sustainability of the sector. The success of these measures depends fundamentally on the involvement of the professionals, prioritizing technical training, awareness, and infrastructure modernization to transform scientific findings into efficient and ethical farming practices.
Bovine lameness represents one of the most significant sanitary, economic, and animal welfare challenges in the contemporary dairy industry, ranking as the third leading cause of economic loss, following mastitis and reproductive disorders. This compendium constitutes a comprehensive bibliographic review of the most recent scientific literature to analyze this multifactorial phenomenon from an integrated perspective. Regarding the etiopathogenesis of the lesions commonly causing this pathology, a clear distinction is made between infectious and mechanical-metabolic processes. The focus is placed on the polymicrobial nature of digital dermatitis, while also highlighting the role of the corium and the digital cushion in mechanical lesions, the integrity of which depends on the physiological status of the animal. The interaction between genetics, environment, and management stands as the primary risk factor. New genomic indices for resistance are proposed, along with the improvement of external factors such as facility design, hoof trimming protocols, and environmental hygiene; confirming that the expression of the disease is the result of a complex genotype-environment interaction. The transition toward herd-level monitoring is evaluated utilizing infrared thermography, artificial intelligence, and behavioral sensors as tools that enable early detection in subclinical stages, compared to conventional visual inspection. The implementation of prevention and control strategies from a proactive approach is fundamental. Protocols such as strategic functional hoof trimming, individualized risk management models, and the use of footbaths are validated, aiming to provide alternatives that contribute to the sustainability of the sector. The success of these measures depends fundamentally on the involvement of the professionals, prioritizing technical training, awareness, and infrastructure modernization to transform scientific findings into efficient and ethical farming practices.
Direction
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Tutorships)
MUIÑO OTERO, RODRIGO (Tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Effect of preoperative administration of trazodone on the incidence of emergence delirium and the quality of anesthetic recovery in dogs undergoing scheduled surgery: a controlled clinical study.
Authorship
A.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.12.2026 09:30
02.12.2026 09:30
Summary
Emergence delirium (ED) is a transient state of mental confusion that may occur during anesthetic recovery and is characterized by signs such as agitation, disorientation, vocalization or uncoordinated movements. Its occurrence compromises the patient’s welfare as well as the safety of the veterinary personnel involved. Although it is a common anesthetic complication with clinical relevance, ED has been scarcely studied in veterinary medicine, and the available scientific literature presents significant limitations, including the absence of standarized diagnostic criteria and potential confusion with other causes of rough anesthetic recovery, such as pain, anxiety, or opioid-induced dysphoria. On the other hand, the quality of anesthetic recovery constitutes a fundamental parameter for evaluating the security of the anesthetic procedure, as it is a critical phase with a risk of complications. In this context, trazodone, a serotonergic modulator with anxiolytic and sedative properties widely used in dogs, could represent a useful tool to promote calmer and safer recoveries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral administration of trazodone on the indicence of ED and the quality of anesthetic recovery in 22 clinically healthy dogs undergoing elective surgery. A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in which a group of patients treated with trazodone at a dose of 7,5 mg/kg was compared with a control group receiving a placebo. Throughout the perioperative period, physiological parameters, behavioral variables, and the presence of signs compatible with ED were recorded, in addition to a global assessment of anesthetic recovery using standarized scales. The results showed a favorable clinical course during the anesthetic recovery period in animals treated with trazodone, with a lower incidence of dysphoric awakenings and a tendency towards calmer recoveries compared to animals receiving a placebo. Although statistically significant differences were not observed in the overall assessment of awakening, these findings suggest a potential beneficial effect of trazodone on anesthetic recovery quality and on the incidence of ED. However, due to the limited sample size, these results should be confirmed in studies with a larger number of animals.
Emergence delirium (ED) is a transient state of mental confusion that may occur during anesthetic recovery and is characterized by signs such as agitation, disorientation, vocalization or uncoordinated movements. Its occurrence compromises the patient’s welfare as well as the safety of the veterinary personnel involved. Although it is a common anesthetic complication with clinical relevance, ED has been scarcely studied in veterinary medicine, and the available scientific literature presents significant limitations, including the absence of standarized diagnostic criteria and potential confusion with other causes of rough anesthetic recovery, such as pain, anxiety, or opioid-induced dysphoria. On the other hand, the quality of anesthetic recovery constitutes a fundamental parameter for evaluating the security of the anesthetic procedure, as it is a critical phase with a risk of complications. In this context, trazodone, a serotonergic modulator with anxiolytic and sedative properties widely used in dogs, could represent a useful tool to promote calmer and safer recoveries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral administration of trazodone on the indicence of ED and the quality of anesthetic recovery in 22 clinically healthy dogs undergoing elective surgery. A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in which a group of patients treated with trazodone at a dose of 7,5 mg/kg was compared with a control group receiving a placebo. Throughout the perioperative period, physiological parameters, behavioral variables, and the presence of signs compatible with ED were recorded, in addition to a global assessment of anesthetic recovery using standarized scales. The results showed a favorable clinical course during the anesthetic recovery period in animals treated with trazodone, with a lower incidence of dysphoric awakenings and a tendency towards calmer recoveries compared to animals receiving a placebo. Although statistically significant differences were not observed in the overall assessment of awakening, these findings suggest a potential beneficial effect of trazodone on anesthetic recovery quality and on the incidence of ED. However, due to the limited sample size, these results should be confirmed in studies with a larger number of animals.
Direction
CANTALAPIEDRA GONZALEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
CANTALAPIEDRA GONZALEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Rodríguez Bermúdez, Ruth (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Member)
Development of 3D models applied to teaching
Authorship
L.P.Z.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.P.Z.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
In recent years, 3D scanning and printing technology for generating virtual and physical models has undergone significant development, providing increasingly precise results thanks to the emergence of new methods and the improvement of existing ones. This has led to an increased use of these tools in various fields. This work seeks to evaluate the production of three-dimensional anatomical models using a structured infrared light surface scanner and a fused deposition modeling printer. Furthermore, their utility in teaching veterinary anatomy is analyzed, contrasting the results and conclusions with current scientific literature.
In recent years, 3D scanning and printing technology for generating virtual and physical models has undergone significant development, providing increasingly precise results thanks to the emergence of new methods and the improvement of existing ones. This has led to an increased use of these tools in various fields. This work seeks to evaluate the production of three-dimensional anatomical models using a structured infrared light surface scanner and a fused deposition modeling printer. Furthermore, their utility in teaching veterinary anatomy is analyzed, contrasting the results and conclusions with current scientific literature.
Direction
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography as a complementary tool in the evaluation of acute colic in the adult horse
Authorship
S.R.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.R.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
Abdominal ultrasonography has become a highly valuable diagnostic tool in the management of equine acute colic, as it allows rapid, immediate, and non-invasive evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal cavity. Through the use of systematic protocols, it facilitates the identification of relevant physiological and pathological findings, such as alterations in motility, distension, wall thickening and displacements, or presence of peritoneal fluid. Its integration with the physical examination and other diagnostic tests reduces clinical uncertainty and contributes to more accurate decision-making in the management of acute colic.
Abdominal ultrasonography has become a highly valuable diagnostic tool in the management of equine acute colic, as it allows rapid, immediate, and non-invasive evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal cavity. Through the use of systematic protocols, it facilitates the identification of relevant physiological and pathological findings, such as alterations in motility, distension, wall thickening and displacements, or presence of peritoneal fluid. Its integration with the physical examination and other diagnostic tests reduces clinical uncertainty and contributes to more accurate decision-making in the management of acute colic.
Direction
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ VILLA, CANDELA (Tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Piroplasm infections in cattle from the Central Ourense Massif.
Authorship
P.R.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
P.R.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
Bovine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genera Babesia and Theileria, mainly affecting semi-extensive and extensive cattle farming systems. These infections may be subclinical or result in severe clinical disease, leading to productive losses; some species have zoonotic potential. In the province of Ourense, particularly in the mountainous areas of the Central Massif, small grazing farms predominate, with a high level of interaction between livestock, the natural environment, and arthropod vectors. Despite these favorable conditions for the transmission of vector-borne diseases, available information on bovine piroplasmosis in Galicia is limited. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted, including 214 blood samples collected from 11 cattle farms located in the municipalities of Castro Caldelas, Chandrexa de Queixa, Montederramo, and A Pobra de Trives. The presence of piroplasms was detected in 44 pools by PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria. Species identification was carried out through sequence analysis. Individual ocurrence was estimated using the minimum infection rate (MIR). Piroplasm DNA was detected in 13.6% of the analyzed pools, originating from 3 of the 11 farms included in the study. Individual ocurrence was very low, with an MIR of 2.8%. Molecular identification revealed the presence of Theileria orientalis in five pools from two farms, and Babesia divergens in a single pool from a third farm, representing the first report of these two species in cattle from Galicia. No coinfections were detected. In the farms where T. orientalis was identified, the attending veterinarian reported no animals showing signs compatible with piroplasmosis, which is consistent with the fact that T. orientalis is a low-pathogenic species. In contrast, on the farm where B. divergens was detected, the veterinarian reported recurrent cases of animals showing clinical signs compatible with bovine babesiosis. No clear association with animal age was observed, although the data indicate that cattle may become infected at a very early age. The results reveal a low circulation of piroplasms in cattle from inland Ourense, suggesting the presence of carrier animals with low parasitemia levels, which nevertheless play an essential role in the transmission of this protozoan in endemic areas. Although the estimated occurrence of B. divergens was low, these findings have public health implications, as this species is considered zoonotic. Overall, the results highlight the need to expand epidemiological studies in Galicia by incorporating individual analyses and more sensitive molecular techniques, in order to improve knowledge of bovine piroplasmosis and optimize prevention and control strategies in these livestock systems.
Bovine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genera Babesia and Theileria, mainly affecting semi-extensive and extensive cattle farming systems. These infections may be subclinical or result in severe clinical disease, leading to productive losses; some species have zoonotic potential. In the province of Ourense, particularly in the mountainous areas of the Central Massif, small grazing farms predominate, with a high level of interaction between livestock, the natural environment, and arthropod vectors. Despite these favorable conditions for the transmission of vector-borne diseases, available information on bovine piroplasmosis in Galicia is limited. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted, including 214 blood samples collected from 11 cattle farms located in the municipalities of Castro Caldelas, Chandrexa de Queixa, Montederramo, and A Pobra de Trives. The presence of piroplasms was detected in 44 pools by PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria. Species identification was carried out through sequence analysis. Individual ocurrence was estimated using the minimum infection rate (MIR). Piroplasm DNA was detected in 13.6% of the analyzed pools, originating from 3 of the 11 farms included in the study. Individual ocurrence was very low, with an MIR of 2.8%. Molecular identification revealed the presence of Theileria orientalis in five pools from two farms, and Babesia divergens in a single pool from a third farm, representing the first report of these two species in cattle from Galicia. No coinfections were detected. In the farms where T. orientalis was identified, the attending veterinarian reported no animals showing signs compatible with piroplasmosis, which is consistent with the fact that T. orientalis is a low-pathogenic species. In contrast, on the farm where B. divergens was detected, the veterinarian reported recurrent cases of animals showing clinical signs compatible with bovine babesiosis. No clear association with animal age was observed, although the data indicate that cattle may become infected at a very early age. The results reveal a low circulation of piroplasms in cattle from inland Ourense, suggesting the presence of carrier animals with low parasitemia levels, which nevertheless play an essential role in the transmission of this protozoan in endemic areas. Although the estimated occurrence of B. divergens was low, these findings have public health implications, as this species is considered zoonotic. Overall, the results highlight the need to expand epidemiological studies in Galicia by incorporating individual analyses and more sensitive molecular techniques, in order to improve knowledge of bovine piroplasmosis and optimize prevention and control strategies in these livestock systems.
Direction
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
LOPEZ SANDEZ, CEFERINO MANUEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
A photograph of the Galician sheep meat sector - Management systems
Authorship
I.S.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.S.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
Grazing sheep play a role that goes beyond the economic sphere, contributing to land management and biodiversity conservation. However, the sheep sector is currently experiencing a declining trend in Spain and across Europe as a whole. In Galicia, despite the long tradition of sheep meat production and its importance in the use of areas that are difficult to manage, sheep farming currently represents a minor sector. The aim of this study is to characterize the sheep meat sector in Galicia by analyzing its structure and dynamics, the degree of professionalization, management systems, and the main problems perceived by farmers. To this end, data from 28 surveys conducted on sheep farms were analyzed. Among the results obtained from the census analysis, we find that there is a predominance of small farms and an unequal distribution of the breeding stock census. The degree of professionalization is mainly based on practical experience. Regarding the organization and management of production systems, there is high variability among farms and a clear adaptation to local territorial conditions. Furthermore, the sector faces structural, territorial, and organizational constraints. Overall, the results highlight the need for further studies to achieve a deeper characterization of the sheep meat sector in Galicia, as a basis for identifying the main limiting factors and defining appropriate development strategies.
Grazing sheep play a role that goes beyond the economic sphere, contributing to land management and biodiversity conservation. However, the sheep sector is currently experiencing a declining trend in Spain and across Europe as a whole. In Galicia, despite the long tradition of sheep meat production and its importance in the use of areas that are difficult to manage, sheep farming currently represents a minor sector. The aim of this study is to characterize the sheep meat sector in Galicia by analyzing its structure and dynamics, the degree of professionalization, management systems, and the main problems perceived by farmers. To this end, data from 28 surveys conducted on sheep farms were analyzed. Among the results obtained from the census analysis, we find that there is a predominance of small farms and an unequal distribution of the breeding stock census. The degree of professionalization is mainly based on practical experience. Regarding the organization and management of production systems, there is high variability among farms and a clear adaptation to local territorial conditions. Furthermore, the sector faces structural, territorial, and organizational constraints. Overall, the results highlight the need for further studies to achieve a deeper characterization of the sheep meat sector in Galicia, as a basis for identifying the main limiting factors and defining appropriate development strategies.
Direction
RICO GOMEZ, MARGARITA (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
RICO GOMEZ, MARGARITA (Tutorships)
Alibés Biosca, Joan (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Chairman)
FERNANDEZ MARTIN, SILVIA (Secretary)
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Detection of antibodies against Cephenemyia spp. and Oestrus spp. in chamois (Rupicapra spp.) from Castilla and León
Authorship
A.S.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.S.H.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
Oestrids belonging to the genera Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. cause obligate myiases affecting the nasal and pharyngeal cavities of domestic and wild ruminants. Visualization and subsequent morphological identification of larvae is the reference method for the diagnosis of these myiases; however, it may lack sensitivity for detecting early larval stages. For this reason, the detection of antibodies using serological techniques is highly useful for studying their epidemiology. Although these myiases are considered relatively frequent in domestic animals and cervids, their importance in other wild species remains unknown. The main objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of nasopharyngeal myiases caused by Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. in chamois (Rupicapra spp.) from Castilla y León, as well as to evaluate the risk factors that may favor these parasitic infections. To this end, 120 serum samples from animals from this Autonomous Community were analyzed using two indirect ELISA protocols, and several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors affecting seroprevalence were assessed by logistic regression analysis. The results showed that none of the analyzed sera contained antibodies against Oestrus spp., and that the seroprevalence of Cephenemyia spp. was low (5.8%). No significant differences in Cephenemyia spp. seroprevalence were found for any of the analyzed risk factors (age, sex, area of origin, and sampling period). The detection of antibodies against Cephenemyia spp. in chamois does not confirm infection nor their role as competent hosts. Immature larvae could induce a certain immune response in the animals without completing their development, or the detected responses could even be nonspecific. Likewise, although these ungulates could potentially act as hosts for Oestrus spp., the high altitudes at which they are usually found could reduce infection pressure. For these reasons, the implementation of epidemiological surveillance studies in wild animals, including necropsy examinations to assess the presence of nasopharyngeal myiases, is necessary, as this is the only way to confirm infection and determine whether these ungulates can act as competent hosts.
Oestrids belonging to the genera Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. cause obligate myiases affecting the nasal and pharyngeal cavities of domestic and wild ruminants. Visualization and subsequent morphological identification of larvae is the reference method for the diagnosis of these myiases; however, it may lack sensitivity for detecting early larval stages. For this reason, the detection of antibodies using serological techniques is highly useful for studying their epidemiology. Although these myiases are considered relatively frequent in domestic animals and cervids, their importance in other wild species remains unknown. The main objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of nasopharyngeal myiases caused by Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. in chamois (Rupicapra spp.) from Castilla y León, as well as to evaluate the risk factors that may favor these parasitic infections. To this end, 120 serum samples from animals from this Autonomous Community were analyzed using two indirect ELISA protocols, and several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors affecting seroprevalence were assessed by logistic regression analysis. The results showed that none of the analyzed sera contained antibodies against Oestrus spp., and that the seroprevalence of Cephenemyia spp. was low (5.8%). No significant differences in Cephenemyia spp. seroprevalence were found for any of the analyzed risk factors (age, sex, area of origin, and sampling period). The detection of antibodies against Cephenemyia spp. in chamois does not confirm infection nor their role as competent hosts. Immature larvae could induce a certain immune response in the animals without completing their development, or the detected responses could even be nonspecific. Likewise, although these ungulates could potentially act as hosts for Oestrus spp., the high altitudes at which they are usually found could reduce infection pressure. For these reasons, the implementation of epidemiological surveillance studies in wild animals, including necropsy examinations to assess the presence of nasopharyngeal myiases, is necessary, as this is the only way to confirm infection and determine whether these ungulates can act as competent hosts.
Direction
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
Court
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
Wagyu beef versus conventional beef: nutritional, technological, and feasibility analysis in Spain.
Authorship
L.V.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.V.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
02.13.2026 09:30
02.13.2026 09:30
Summary
The Spanish meat sector is undergoing a process of adaptation towards production models based on differentiation, driven by growing demand for meat with high added value, sensory excellence, and a healthier nutritional profile. In this context, the Wagyu cattle breed, originally from Japan, is emerging as a strategic alternative. This literature review comparatively analyzes Wagyu beef against beef from other conventional cattle breeds, from a dual perspective of veterinary medicine and food technology. From a veterinary perspective, it is evident that, unlike European cattle breeds, where lipid deposition is predominantly subcutaneous, Wagyu beef allows for extreme fat infiltration, known as marbling, which is determined by the overexpression of the PPARgamma transcription factor and sustained intramuscular adipogenesis. On the other hand, from a food technology point of view, the high activity of the enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase favors the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, which reduces the melting point of fat to values of 24 to 26 degrees Celsius. This characteristic results in meat with greater smoothness, tenderness, and a distinctive aromatic profile associated with the presence of lactones, as well as higher palatability values and lower Warner Bratzler cutting force. Finally, the production feasibility analysis indicates that, although the production of pure Wagyu involves high costs due to prolonged fattening cycles of up to 30 months and lower feed conversion efficiency in the final stages, industrial F1 crosses between Wagyu and dairy or native breeds represent the most profitable option for the Spanish meat sector. This model would optimize production times and provide access to high end markets, offering a differentiated product with a healthier lipid profile and a different sensory experience.
The Spanish meat sector is undergoing a process of adaptation towards production models based on differentiation, driven by growing demand for meat with high added value, sensory excellence, and a healthier nutritional profile. In this context, the Wagyu cattle breed, originally from Japan, is emerging as a strategic alternative. This literature review comparatively analyzes Wagyu beef against beef from other conventional cattle breeds, from a dual perspective of veterinary medicine and food technology. From a veterinary perspective, it is evident that, unlike European cattle breeds, where lipid deposition is predominantly subcutaneous, Wagyu beef allows for extreme fat infiltration, known as marbling, which is determined by the overexpression of the PPARgamma transcription factor and sustained intramuscular adipogenesis. On the other hand, from a food technology point of view, the high activity of the enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase favors the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, which reduces the melting point of fat to values of 24 to 26 degrees Celsius. This characteristic results in meat with greater smoothness, tenderness, and a distinctive aromatic profile associated with the presence of lactones, as well as higher palatability values and lower Warner Bratzler cutting force. Finally, the production feasibility analysis indicates that, although the production of pure Wagyu involves high costs due to prolonged fattening cycles of up to 30 months and lower feed conversion efficiency in the final stages, industrial F1 crosses between Wagyu and dairy or native breeds represent the most profitable option for the Spanish meat sector. This model would optimize production times and provide access to high end markets, offering a differentiated product with a healthier lipid profile and a different sensory experience.
Direction
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Chairman)
CASTRO CASTRO, DANIEL (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ, ALEJANDRO (Member)